Switbert Lobisser
Switbert Lobisser (born March 23, 1878 in Tiffen , † October 1, 1943 in Klagenfurt ; actually Leo Lobisser ) was an Austrian Benedictine monk , painter and wood cutter .
Life
Leo Lobisser grew up in Tiffen , where his father was an elementary school teacher until his death in 1886. From 1890 to 1898 Lobisser was in the boarding school of the episcopal boys' seminar Marianum in Klagenfurt, where he graduated in 1898. In 1899 he entered the Benedictine monastery of St. Paul in Lavanttal as a novice , where he took the monastery name Switbert . He studied in Salzburg and Rome theology and in 1903 for priests ordained. From 1904 to 1908 he studied at the art academy in Vienna, and from 1908 he taught at the collegiate high school in St. Paul as an art teacher. The excursions he went on with his students were described by Paul Hörbiger in his autobiography. Even Gustav Manker belonged to St. Paul to his students. From 1914 Lobisser was also the monastery forester .
As an artist, Lobisser did not emerge until the 1920s, initially with wall paintings in the Konviktskapelle of the grammar school and in the winter refectory of the monastery. He turned to woodcuts from 1923 onwards. In the 1920s he also began a relationship with his "Ev", Eva Luise Bleymaier. He left the monastery in 1932, resigned from the order and settled with Ev in Klagenfurt. In August 1932 the daughter Notburga was born, whereupon Lobisser was transferred to the lay status. In January 1933 Ev died a tragic death and in autumn Lobisser moved into a new house on today's Lobisserweg and devoted himself only to his artistic work and married Relli Lobisser. He died on October 1, 1943.
Honors
Lobisser received the following honors and awards during his lifetime: 1927 Golden State Medal from Graz, 1929 Great Golden State Medal from Salzburg, 1931 Golden State Medal from Linz, 1936 Eckartring, 1935 Grand State Prize, 1937 Golden Badge of Honor from the Vienna Künstlerhaus, 1939 the Mozart Prize controlled by the Reich Chamber of Literature , 1943 the Kriehuber Prize of the City of Vienna, donated in 1941 by the National Socialist city administration and discontinued in 1944. In numerous Carinthian communities it is honored with street names , such as a street in Völkermarkt and the Lobisserweg in Klagenfurt. On Mother's Day in 1988 the Austrian Kronenzeitung put a woodcut by Lobisser on the front page.
National Socialism
From 1933 Lobisser gradually approached the Nazi ideology, his work fitted into the concept of the National Socialist rulers, the themes in Lobisser's works “relevant to a new national consciousness, such as the myth of the plaice, juice and strength of the healthy peasant class, glorification of mothers " Recognized (Artur Hanzer: Switbert Lobisser, 1982/83). In 1940 Lobisser published his autobiography "The Lobisser Book".
In 1934 illegal Nazis presented Adolf Hitler with a large folder with Lobisser's woodcuts, and he wrote in his autobiography: “The party needs work from my hand.” (“The Lobisser Book”, 1940) Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick came to Klagenfurt and visited Lobissers Fresco from 1928 and ordered Lobisser to work on the rest of the room. Joseph Goebbels bought from him just like Rudolf Hess .
In 1938, as commissioned by Interior Minister Frick, Lobisser continued to paint the meeting room of the state parliament that he had designed in 1928. The fresco was entitled "Carinthia's return to the empire". Among the new motifs was the “oath of loyalty”, in which men and women in Carinthian costume pay homage to a swastika standard with a Hitler salute and glorify the annexation of Carinthia . These motifs were whitewashed after the Second World War , hidden behind wooden panels and "forgotten". The "rediscovery" in the summer of 2000 in the course of restoration work provoked lively media coverage. After intense controversy, the frescoes were removed. After restoration, they should be on public display.
plant
The modern art of his time was not reflected in Lobisser's work. Even in his diaries there are no indications of a preoccupation with modernity. His work can be seen as the continuation of the romantic landscape painting of the 19th century. Nature is the central theme of his work, and nature is more than just a background in his portraits. His frescoes show scenic representations from human life; they are not snapshots, but show the process. Therein lies Lobisser's achievement.
Wall paintings, frescoes
Lobisser created around a hundred frescoes . In the early days he used casein paints for his wall paintings.
- 1920: Mural in the Konviktskapelle of the collegiate high school St. Paul / Lav. Epiphany, rich in figures: the Hll. The three kings and the shepherds worship Christ, who is held in the arms of the standing Mother of God.
- 1922: Wall paintings in the church of the Marianum in Klagenfurt.
From 1923 Lobisser painted his paintings al fresco .
- 1923: Frescoes in the vault of the winter refectory in the St. Paul / Lav monastery depicting the four basic types of Benedictine monks: the anchorite , the Zönebit, the Sarabit, the Gyrorage (wandering monk). Lobisser portrayed himself as a gyrorage.
- 1928: Frescoes in the parliamentary meeting room of the country house in Klagenfurt. Motive: The Carinthian referendum in 1920 .
- 1928: A cycle of frescoes on the facade of the house at Grades Markt 55, Brunnwirt. Four motifs from rural life.
- 1931/32: frescoes in the winter refectory. Motifs: East wall Entry of the first monks into St. Paul in 1091; Western wall siege by the Turks 1476; Cover: "The wine as a comforter".
- 1932: Fresco in the north transept of the collegiate church St. Paul / Lav. During the preparatory work, the founder picture of Thomas von Villach was discovered. Motif: Christ, who climbs from the cross in the Sacred Heart type. Two angels hold the crown.
- 1938: Further frescoes in the parliamentary meeting room. Motif: “Hour of Liberation” and “Oath of Loyalty”.
- 1941: Multi-part fresco cycle at the Antonius Heim, a nursing home, in Feldkirchen in Carinthia , motifs: Four seasons and others.
- 1942: Three-part fresco cycle on the former Raunikar house, a schnapps distillery, in Feldkirchen in Carinthia , motifs: " Root digger ", " Schnapps distilling ", "Schnapps tasting".
Signature of Switbert Lobisser: SL and year
Painted frieze on the northwest wall of Lobisser's studio house on Klagenfurt Lobisserweg 2
Lobisser's last fresco in 1943 in Klagenfurt's Kohldorferstrasse 37 in collaboration with Maria Lassnig
Fresco on the facade of the Antonius home in Feldkirchen in Carinthia
Christ floating from the cross, fresco in the collegiate church of St. Paul in Lavanttal
Design for the fresco in the collegiate church of St. Paul
Schnapps tasting, fresco from the former Raunikarhaus in Feldkirchen in Carinthia
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Paintings, watercolors
St. Hemma von Gurk , oil painting
St. Hemma von Gurk, oil painting, Episcopal Palace in Klagenfurt
Watercolor, signed Castor u. Pollux Akragas, 31.3.31 SL
Woodcuts
Lobisser created 673 woodcuts. A complete collection is in the possession of the St. Paul Abbey. His woodcuts for bookplates, wedding and birthday cards were popular. The central motifs were the local landscape and its people and customs, as well as Christian themes. Unaffected by modern art movements, he stylistically followed the old German masters. Criticism emphasizes the virtuoso design of the light and dark. Examples:
- Temptation of St. Antonius (1924), op.22
- Portrait of my Ev (1927), op.60
- Mother's Day (1943), op.670
Sculptures, sculptures
- Half reliefs: Einsiedel Dietrich in the Johanneskirche above St. Paul in Lavanttal.
- Bacchants: stairs behind the Adler pharmacy in Klagenfurt.
- Rural figures in the House of Knaus Economics in St. Veit an der Glan.
- Full sculpture of Saint Rosalia in the spring grotto on Hemmaberg.
- According to the Carinthian historian Johann Viertler, the Christophorus sculpture on the Kathreinkogel is attributed to Lobisser.
Christophorus sculpture on the Kathreinkogel
Carved wooden frieze on the Lobisser House in Klagenfurt
architecture
The Evangelical Church Bad Kleinkirchheim is designed according to a Lobisser design.
Utility art
In addition to commercial graphics, Lobisser also designed and produced several lampshades. So far 13 pieces are known. Their sheet metal side panels adorn figures or other, even religious, motifs.
Menu for Easter 1913, St. Paul Abbey
Lampshade with the zodiac signs of Lobisser
literature
- Michael Kopetz: Lobisser Bergkirchen leader . 24 romantic excursions in the footsteps of Switbert Lobisser. Ed .: Heinrich Moser. Galerie Magnet, Völkermarkt 2011, ISBN 978-3-901758-24-9 .
- Switbert Lobisser 1878–1943 . Oil paintings, watercolors, frescoes, drawings, woodcuts. St. Paul im Lavanttal 1993 (exhibition catalog).
- Switbert Lobisser 1878–1943 . Heyn, Klagenfurt 1985 (with 8 watercolors and 194 woodcuts).
- Switbert Lobisser . Directory of his woodcuts. Leykam, Graz 1947 (introduction by Hermann Egger ).
- Angelika Bäumer: Switbert Lobisser. Oil paintings and watercolors . Ed .: Galerie Magnet. Völkermarkt 1996, ISBN 3-901758-00-3 .
- Switbert Lobisser: The Lobisser Book . Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt 1940 (autobiography. Foreword by Otto Aichbichler ).
- Heinrich Neumayer: Suitbert Lobisser as a master of commercial graphics . Ed .: Austrian Ex-Libris Society. Vienna 1949.
- Günter Schmidauer: Lobisser, forget . Löcker, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-85409-783-9 .
Web links
- Lobisser homepage
- Entry on Switbert Lobisser in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Literature by and about Switbert Lobisser in the catalog of the German National Library
- Link with some pictures from Lobisser
- Link to the discussion about the frescoes in the country house
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paulus Manker : “The theater man Gustav Manker . Searching for clues. " ISBN 978-3-85002-738-0 .
- ↑ Lobisserweg. Google Maps , accessed February 27, 2013 .
- ↑ Lobisserstrasse. Google Maps , accessed February 27, 2013 .
- ↑ Lobisserplatz. Google Maps , accessed March 1, 2013 .
- ↑ Lobissergasse. Google Maps , accessed March 1, 2013 .
- ^ Wilhelm Deuter: Switbert Lobissers connection frescos from 1938 in the meeting room of the Klagenfurt country house . In: Carinthia I. Messages from the History Association for Carinthia, Volume 191, 2001, p. 585
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lobisser, Switbert |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Lobisser, Suitbert; Lobisser, Leo (real name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian painter and wood cutter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 23, 1878 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tiffen |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 1, 1943 |
| Place of death | Klagenfurt |