Street name

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Street name sign from the 1970s
Street name in Heidelberg's old town

A street name is the name given to a street to distinguish it from other streets.

The generic term street names also includes names of squares and bridges . The names of hamlets and individual settlements without actual street names are treated like street names in street directories and postal addresses.

history

The history of street (word) names shows that in different epochs there were certain defining patterns after which streets were named. In the Middle Ages there were usually numerous small streets in larger cities , and each of these streets was home to a different craft guild or class of the population. So you can still frequently encountered in old towns on road names like Schuster alley, Fleischer alley, Chandler alley or Müller alley. Names according to population groups are also frequently encountered: such as Hugenottengasse or Judengasse . Breite Strasse , Burgstrasse and Ritterstrasse, Steinweg, Jüdenstrasse and Rosenstrasse are typical names in the medieval cities of northeast Germany and allow conclusions to be drawn about the social status of those who live there.

middle Ages

Another way of choosing a name in the Middle Ages is naming it after the patronage of neighboring churches, such as Marienstrasse or Johannesstrasse, this is particularly true of cities with several parishes. In Erfurt's old town there was a particularly small parish structure with over 25 parishes, whose namesake in most cases still refer to the street adjacent to the church.

In the age of absolutism it became common to name streets after the current monarch, a tradition that lasted in Germany until 1918, from which street names such as Friedrichstraße, Wilhelmstraße, Maximilianstraße or Ludwigstraße go back.

20th century

In the Wilhelminian era , new districts quickly grew on the outskirts of the big cities, and their streets were all named after the same pattern. For example, in the Bavarian Quarter in Berlin-Schöneberg, most streets have names of Bavarian cities, such as Augsburger Straße , Bayreuther Straße or Ansbacher Straße . Sometimes streets were named after certain personalities, like the Löbervorstadt in Erfurt , where most streets are named after poets and musicians (Schillerstraße, Goethestraße, Mozartstraße).

At the time of National Socialism , many streets were named or renamed after important living Nazi personalities for the purposes of propaganda and demonstrations of power. Often times in streets bearing the names of Jewish and Social Democratic people were replaced by names of people directly related to National Socialism or Nazi martyrs. The numerous Adolf Hitler streets in particular were soon named that way after the Enabling Act . These Nazi-related streets were completely renamed after 1945 as part of the denazification in both parts of Germany. The SS settlement in Zehlendorf is a special situation , where 14 street names with reference to Nazi ideology were determined through a competition held by a magazine; in 1947 most were given a new name.

After the Second World War, streets were named after trade unionists and church dignitaries, but street names were largely not used for political purposes, as was common under National Socialism. In the post-war period there were tendencies towards displacement and the longing for an ideal world . In Cologne, for example, streets were called “Zum Milchmädchen” or “An der Paradieswiese”. In many cities, such as Marl , streets in newly created districts were named after cities in the former German eastern areas ( Königsberger Straße, Breslauer Straße, Gleiwitzer Straße or Liegnitzer Straße) or the areas themselves ( Ostpreußenstraße or Pommernstraße ), especially if such new quarters were inhabited by displaced people, commemorating their old homeland.

A fundamental reappraisal of the National Socialist past began around 1970. Streets were now named after victims and opponents of the tyranny, for example “ Scheidemannstrasse ” or “ Tucholskystrasse ”. This trend continues to the present day, and the namesake of streets that cannot be directly assigned to National Socialism, such as Paul von Hindenburg , are currently controversial in some cities. The optimistic mood of the economic boom and the belief in technical progress was increasingly reflected in street names with basic words such as “Fahrt”, “Zubringer”, “Zentrum”, “Kreisel” or “Passage”. In many new development areas, on the other hand, attempts were made at the same time to use old field names to name streets and thus to preserve them, presumably to give the newly created single-family housing estates, which were often far away from larger green spaces and recreational areas, a more rural, natural character.

Naming streets

General street names

Street name in Kematen an der Ybbs in Lower Austria

In European cities, the streets usually have (word) names, inter-local connecting streets are usually designated with a number assigned according to a specific system. For example, street names outside of the towns are S 177 (state road in Saxony) or Landesstraße 30 (state road in North Rhine-Westphalia). Kilometers are then required for georeferencing.

Inner-city streets without word names can be found in the Quadratestadt in Mannheim , where grid squares with letters and numbers take on the function of street names in the relatively small area of ​​the inner city. In Kematen an der Ybbs in Lower Austria, no word names are used either, the streets are only denoted numerically.

In order to achieve an exact parceling on the linear streets, the individual plots are usually divided with house numbers . As a result, georeferencing with the specification of street names and house numbers is achieved for different purposes and documents . A special form of street names occurs through street categorization whereby the different values ​​and meanings of streets and their necessary equipment and geometry are assigned.

Numbered streets

different number streets in Berlin-French Buchholz

Projected roads in the development plan are initially listed with letters or numbers. In particular, if the streets are not laid out immediately or the development of the land is only progressing slowly, these designations, for example in the form of "Street XX", are officially adopted - without actual dedication - and signposted with this designation for orientation . These cases of numbered streets can often be found in streets that were planned for the incorporation of Greater Berlin in 1920 in former suburbs and laid out as such but not yet built on. Only under certain circumstances, such as ambiguity of names in the city as a whole or at the request of the residents, are these streets dedicated to names, for example thematically for a city district. For example, in Berlin-Karow there are settlements on both sides of the continuous main street to Buch that are unnamed / numbered streets in this sense.

Occasionally streets are named with numbers or letters, sometimes in combination. This applies primarily to planned roads before the road route is set up. If there is no development at first or if residents and road builders have not been able to agree on a name or a name trend. For example, in Berlin there are “Straße 52a” next to “Straße 52b” or “Straße 45”. The problem here is an address that ends in two numerical designations, as the house number is still following: "Street 5 No. 6". In settlements, such numbers of planned streets in the development plan can have existed for decades.

A specialty in the practice of naming streets in the GDR was the city of Halle-Neustadt , in which - similar to the system in Mannheim and entirely in line with the urban planning trend of the 1960s - street names were entirely dispensed with and each block was given a block number instead . In most of the streets (previously the construction streets) there were several blocks of houses. Orientation by street (name) was not possible and led to confusion. This practice was changed in 1990 in favor of traditional street names.

Named after living people

In Germany, as was common in Western democracies after 1945, streets are generally not named after living people. One of the reasons for this may be that such names are viewed as a feature of the personality cult in dictatorships. For example, a number of streets and squares were named after Adolf Hitler during the Nazi era . In particular, the personality cult around Josef Stalin and the respective communist party leaders meant that they were named after important roads in the early GDR, until 1955 in the Soviet occupation zone of Austria and Vienna, as well as other states of the Eastern Bloc while they were still alive. Examples of this are the choice of name in 1949 for Berlin's “ Stalinallee ” or in 1946 for “ Stalinplatz ” in Vienna .

In exceptional cases, such as on the occasion of an anniversary or because of special merits of the namesake, streets in democratic countries are also named during the lifetime of the person concerned. Examples are the renaming of Kronprinzenallee in 1949 in the West Berlin district of Dahlem after the organizer of the airlift Lucius D. Clay in " Clayallee " or that of Cecilienstraße after the real name of Pope Pius XII. , who was once the nuncio in Berlin, in “ Pacelliallee ”. Further examples are the Kurt-Romstöck-Ring in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz , which was named after the former Lord Mayor on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Pop singer Tony Marshall was honored with the Tony-Marshall-Weg in Baden-Baden . Streets in Sinsheim , St. Leon-Rot and Walldorf were named after the entrepreneur Dietmar Hopp . In Radolfzell the Günter-Neurohr-Bridge was named after the former mayor Günter Neurohr . In Neu-Isenburg (on November 30, 2016 by resolution of the city council) three streets were named after living honorary citizens (Walter-Norrenbrock-Straße, Anny-Schlemm-Straße and Thomas-Reiter-Straße ). After 1945, streets that had previously been named after people who were still alive were sometimes left with their respective names (unless the person in question was heavily burdened by Nazi politics), such as Viktoria-Luise-Platz in Berlin (1899 after the seven-year-old daughter of the emperor Viktoria Luise von Prussia , who only died in 1980).

Another situation is the choice of names for publicly drivable roads on private property or the naming of publicly accessible private roads and places. If necessary, companies name streets on their company premises after the entrepreneur himself. In Anif near Salzburg, for example, the access road to Herbert von Karajan's estate was already called "Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße" during his lifetime - unlike the official street names after him which only took place posthumously. In this sense, on June 21, 2015, a publicly accessible Dresden private courtyard was given (symbolically) the name " Edward-Snowden- Platz" on the initiative of the owner .

Spellings

There are often different spellings for street names, some of which are due to historical developments. This can often lead to confusion and, in turn, to misspelled street names and sometimes even to incorrect official signage. The Duden lists the three rules 161–163 for the German-speaking area. “For writing the names of public streets, squares, bridges, etc. Ä. In general, the same rules apply as for other names. However, there are deviating individual stipulations by the respective competent authorities. " DIN 5008 should also be observed .

The following aspects emerge as an overview:

  • Classical name by subjects: Lindenstraße (false: Linden S treet ) Meisenweg and Schlossplatz
  • Name name without name and without a hyphen (now used only rarely): Goethestraße (false: Goethe -S treet ) Dürerweg , Schillerplatz and Senefelderplatz would (wrongly Senefelder Platz, because not for a geographical name, but after the inventor of lithography Alois Named Senefelder ).
  • Name designation with first names and with hyphens: Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe-Straße, Albrecht-Dürer-Weg and Friedrich-Schiller-Platz
  • Name that ends in "-er" and is unchanged: Elsterpfad , Klosterhof .
  • Name designation for a title or a craft, a people or a ruling family: Bürgermeisterplatz, Maurergasse, Schlesierweg, Burgunderwall.
  • Name designation of place, country names or certain places that are derived from "-er": Berliner Straße , Hauptstätter Straße (named after the former main place ), Feuerbacher Weg (so only if named after the geographical name Feuerbach , if named after the farmer's guide Named Matern Feuerbacher , the correct spelling is “Feuerbacherstraße”), Cottbusser Platz , Stuttgarter Straße and Münsterstraße . The spellings Stuttgart street or Stuttgart s treet are widely regarded as wrong in Germany and Austria, together plotter scripts can, however, common in Switzerland and Liechtenstein and stiffer than the written separately variant. (Examples: Schaffhauserplatz in Zurich , Lörracherstrasse or Grenzacherstrasse in Riehen near Basel .). When naming with an unchanged place name (and not the adjective derived from the place name), there is a summary: Hannoverstraße (but: Hannoveraner Straße ), Salzgitterstraße .
  • Streets named after properties: Krumme Straße (wrong: Krumme - Straße or Krumme s straße ), Blauer Weg and Alter Platz .
  • If the preposition is followed by an adjective, both words are capitalized: At the beautiful view, at the black tower, in the small ground, at the green height.

The declination of adjectives in street names varies from region to region. In some areas the street names usually remain grammatically inappropriate ("In der Hohe Straße "), while in many other German-speaking areas the declination is normal. True's standard work The German spelling states that street names are generally declined. The street names written together in the Swiss and Austrian regions are generally not declined. For recommendation on building addressing and spelling of street names in Switzerland, see building address # Weblinks .

Street names in Germany

Categorizations

In Germany, a distinction is made between federal autobahns (A), federal roads (B), state roads or state roads (St / S / L), district roads (K) and municipal roads . With the exception of the municipal roads, these categories each have their own numbering system.

Principles

Street sign of a street with number (Berlin-Karow)
Ceremonial street renaming in Leipzig (1966)
Street name in Mannheim within the square city

According to Marion Werner , street names in Germany follow certain naming principles, which are of course implemented to varying degrees.

  • They are designed to last (name changes are rather rare),
  • they are clear (e.g. there shouldn't be two "village streets" in a municipality - or at least in a district),
  • their number is limited.
  • Another principle is that of the basic word analogy: the street naming should make it clear what kind of street it is (“Platz”, “ Allee ”, “Gasse”, “Ufer”). However, for historical reasons, for example, this is not always achieved; For example, Ulrichgasse in Cologne is not a small street, but a multi-lane main street.
  • The names of the streets within a district are often thematically uniform. There are around districts named after authors (Thomas-Mann-Straße, Goetheplatz), according to cities or regions (Bayreuther Straße, Pfälzer Straße) or according to flora or fauna (Kiefernweg, Tulpenweg). This is called the principle of spatial division.
  • Another principle is that of giving directions. In Cologne there is the “ Bonner Straße ” in the direction of Bonn and in Bonn there is a “Kölnstraße” in the direction of Cologne.
  • The principle of equivalence states that “significant” people should give their names to “significant” roads.
  • After all, according to Werner, there is a principle of social compatibility. This should prevent a negative (degrading) effect on the street dwellers. According to this, terms like “street of the unemployed” are not possible.
  • Street names are also committed to the principle of national identity and reflect the ruling structures and ideologies of the names.

"Street names are decided by [...] the district representatives. The administration looks for suitable names beforehand. These can be historical field names, old location names or a name that fits as a supplement to street names in the area. In commercial areas streets can be named after personalities from business or science [...]. "

Renaming

Street names should always be unique and unambiguous within a town. For example, within the legislation of municipalities, there are regulations for coordination between residents, owners and authorities on how to proceed with a new assignment or renaming.

However, changing the administrative boundaries or incorporating neighboring or suburbs can result in several streets with the same name within a town. An example of this were the many village streets (or those that were already renamed Hauptstraße) when Greater Berlin was formed . These were removed in several actions by the magistrate by adding the prefix “Alt-” in front of the respective place name of the incorporated district (such as Alt-Moabit ). In Dresden , when Kaditz was incorporated , the streets were renamed on January 1, 1904, the names of which already existed in the receiving municipality. Sometimes this adjustment was delayed or not done at all due to protests from local residents. On the other hand, the name of the municipality was not always changed at the time of the change, but only for other reasons, such as naming new streets in the surrounding area.

Splitting a street in two due to structural changes can also lead to renaming.

Changing street names is sometimes time-consuming for those affected. Documents such as identity card and registration certificate must be changed and a change of registration must take place even though no move has taken place.

Time-related naming of streets

In Germany there have been different periods of time since 1945 - also due to the division - how streets were named. For newly created residential or settlement areas, the streets (created in large numbers at the same time) have always been named according to a uniform pattern, for example after plants (such as Lindenstraße, Kastanienstraße or Wacholderweg) or animals (such as Bussardweg, Falkenstraße or Löwenstraße).

For political reasons there were renaming of streets in the GDR , so there were Friedrich-Engels- Strasse, Karl-Marx- Strasse, Lenin- Strasse, Ernst-Thälmann- Strasse, Karl-Liebknecht- Strasse or Rosa-Luxemburg- Strasse, i.e. exclusively Names of deceased personalities in almost all major cities. In addition, in the GDR street names were constructed according to the pattern “street (with genitive)”, for example Straße des Aufbau or Straße des NAW , Straße des Friedens, Straße der Nations, Straße des Komsomol , Straße der German-Soviet Freundlichkeit or Straße der Jugend. After reunification at the beginning of the 1990s, streets were renamed and renamed, with street names dedicated to real socialist politicians, such as Otto-Grotewohl- Strasse or Leninallee, being changed. The names of socialist theorists such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were left in place in many places. The fact that a “street of unity” was not renamed met with occasional criticism, since the unity did not originally refer to German unity, but - according to Hubertus Knabe - allegedly to the unity of the socialist party .

Since the 1990s, streets have been given more cosmopolitan names (for example against the background of town twinning), examples of which are “ Namibia Strasse”, “ Wolgograd Strasse” or “ Ytzhak Rabin Square”. The economization of society can be read from street names. From 1990 to 1997 more than a quarter of all names came from the world of business.

In Germany there has been a clear trend in recent years to give preference to naming new streets after women in order to reduce the dominance of streets named after men. Women were primarily chosen to give names to the streets in the newly created Spandau water town. Some cities have issued ordinances that prohibit the use of other names named after men as long as the gender ratio is not balanced.

Such quotas are occasionally criticized as being excessive political correctness . In April 2013, for example, the rejection of the Berlin district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg to name the square in front of the Jewish Museum after Moses Mendelssohn, based on such a quota , received a corresponding nationwide press response. As a result, the square was named Fromet-und-Moses-Mendelssohn-Platz , with which the philosopher Mendelssohn and his wife were jointly honored.

Street names in Austria

Examples of street names in Austria can be found in the lists of streets in Vienna . For Austria there is a nationwide street directory with all streets in Austria, listed in the most current spelling announced by the municipality. The Wiener Gürtel Strasse (the official spelling that is not in accordance with the spelling) includes, as B 221, not only the Gürtel with its various names, but also part of the Landstrasse Hauptstrasse and the Schlachthausgasse in the 3rd district.

Swiss street names

When evaluating the telephone books, the first places for Switzerland are Bahnhofstrasse, Hauptstrasse, Dorfstrasse, Industriestrasse, Schulstrasse, Oberdorfstrasse, Poststrasse, Schulhausstrasse and Kirchweg as the most frequent names followed by Birkenweg. With the inclusion of Kirchgasse and Kirchstrasse, the naming after the adjacent churches is in fourth place, although this list suggests mainly traditional street names. National roads in Switzerland are marked by an N preceding the number. In Zurich, for example, street names are assigned for the entire city area by the street naming commission.

Official street directory see building address # Web links .

Street names outside Europe

Example Japan

Outside Europe, street names are not always common, so in Japan the streets generally have no names and the addressing and orientation is instead based on the parcels or blocks of houses.

Street names in the United States

Many cities in the United States have a special system of street names , the best-known example being the Manhattan district of New York . The streets are systematically arranged in a grid. The streets run in an east-west direction, the smallest numbers are in the south. The "streets" are partly provided with numbers and partly with names. The “Avenues” run at right angles to this in a north-south direction. The avenues are also partly numbered (for example “Fifth Avenue”) and partly with their own names.

Some streets of a name are not connected, for example 2nd Avenue to 48th Avenue in San Francisco consist of two parts south and north of Golden Gate Park , similarly again in Manhattan with streets separated by Central Park. The numbered streets are prefixed “West” to the west of 5th Avenue and “East” to the east, example: East 14th Street .

In almost every city there are numbered streets, although 1st Street is not on the edge, but is usually a central main thoroughfare. Due to renaming, 1st Street is only the third most common street name after 2nd Street and 3rd Street .

There are also numbered streets based on the USA model in states of Latin America.

particularities

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

  • The longest German street name is Bischöflich-Geistlicher-Rat-Josef-Zinnbauer-Straße in Dingolfing .
  • In Mannheim's city center ( square city ), many streets have no names at all. Instead, the blocks of houses are named after a grid pattern, each with a letter and a number. (e.g. P4, N8.) Additional numbering of the individual houses in the block running in a circle makes it possible to locate a specific address precisely. (e.g. P4, 7 or N8, 3-5.)
  • It can be confusing, especially for tourists, that there are several Berlin streets or castle streets in Berlin . In Berlin in 1920 when previously independent rural communities and towns were merged, their street names were retained. The districts have the “municipality” right to assign street names. New street names are coordinated across Berlin (= nationwide). Many ambiguous street names have already been renamed, existing ones should preferably be renamed. The right to name in the divided city until 1990 also resulted in some double street names.
  • Streets in East Germany were often renamed, which can be seen in the example of Magdeburger Allee in Erfurt- Ilversgehofen , which had eight different names over the past 80 years.
  1. It was called Hauptstrasse until the incorporation of Ilversgehofens into the city of Erfurt.
  2. It was called Poststrasse between 1912 and 1933
  3. Horst-Wessel-Strasse was named after Horst Wessel between 1933 and 1945
  4. It was called the Street of Good Hope in 1945/46
  5. Weißenseer Allee to the town of Weißensee between 1946 and 1950
  6. Stalinallee between 1950 and 1961
  7. Karl-Marx-Allee between 1961 and 1990
  8. Magdeburger Allee since 1990

The political history of the country can sometimes be traced back to street names. Street names can be an instrument of history politics and the culture of remembrance . The historic Wallring in Recklinghausen can be cited as an example of regional history : The street ring that surrounds the old town was named after the rulers who exercised their power over Recklinghausen over the centuries. So there is the Grafenwall (Carolingian count of the 9th century), Elector Wall ( Electorate of Cologne electors from the 12th to 18th century), Duke Wall ( Duke of Arenberg ), Königswall ( Prussian kings ) and the Kaiser Wall ( Emperor of the House of Hohenzollern ).

There were French street names in Cologne during the French era . Ferdinand Franz Wallraf was therefore commissioned by the French administration through Mayor Johann Jakob von Wittgenstein on August 9, 1812 , to propose objective, new French street names for the streets of Cologne. The official ordinance for this was issued on December 16, 1812. Wallraf consulted the Cologne book publisher Theodor Franz Thiriart , who, for example, considered “rue des oliviers” for the olive street and not Wallraf's suggestion “rue des olives” to be more correct. There was now the opportunity to abolish offensive names: “Pißgasse” became “Passage de la Bourse” (Börsengässchen), the bus (en) street was now called “rue du buisson” (Buschgasse). Thiriart was then on January 18, 1813 the publisher of this only Cologne address book in French, the "Itinéraire de Cologne" ("New naming of the streets, squares, ramparts and moats of the city of Cologne") written by Wallraf, with houses numbering for the first time. The French street names were only valid from January 1, 1813.

Sometimes, there are roads that have a foreign language designation, the Place Le Pecq in Hennef (after the twin town Le Pecq , French ), the Torsbyvägen (after the twin city Torsby , Swedish ) and the Rue d'Achères (after the twin city Achères , French ) in Großkrotzenburg , Rua Hiroshima in Oberhausen am Friedensdorf International ( Japanese ), Eagle Way and Albatross Way in Weeze ( English ) or various streets at Berlin-Tegel Airport (French ). The streets in Berlin that were used and inhabited by the guards of the French protecting power in the former West Berlin have a special name structure ( Cité Foch and List of Streets and Squares in Berlin-Wittenau )

A common source for naming public roads are adjacent companies, regardless of whether the company exerted influence or some form of honor was given by the community. The Mecklenburgische Platz in Hanover and Kaffee-Partner-Allee in Osnabrück were named after the companies.

frequency

The most common street name in Germany is Hauptstraße , it was used 7630 times (as of 2001). This is followed by Dorfstraße (6988), Bahnhofstraße (4979), Kirchstraße (2893), Schillerstraße (2248), Goethestraße (2172), Friedhofstraße (1624) and Beethovenstraße (1264). There are a total of 396,345 different names for streets and places in Germany as well as nearly 1.2 million named streets and places.

In Switzerland, the Bahnhofstrasse leads the list of the most common street names with 1368 occurrences (as of 2003) and can be found in almost every third municipality, although the country's relatively high density of rail traffic probably plays a role. This is followed by Hauptstrasse (1269), Dorfstrasse (1193), Industriestrasse (523), Schulstrasse (440) and Oberdorfstrasse (424). In comparison to Germany, it is noticeable that there is none of the 20 most common street names with which a person is honored.

In the UK, the high street ranks first. The name is synonymous with the main shopping street. This is followed by Station Road, Main Street and Church Street. With Victoria Road follows in fifth place the first street name that refers to the British royal family with Queen Victoria . Such designations are found relatively frequently; this is the case with 7 of the 25 most common street names.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ also as Judengasse or in Potsdam as Ebräerstraße
  2. ↑ Reference to prostitution: Hurengasse, bathing houses
  3. ↑ a b c d goethe.de: From Adolf-Hitler-Platz to Ebertplatz - street names as a mirror of history ( Memento from March 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  4. ^ Sandro Rahrisch: Dresden gets Snowden-Platz. In: sächsische.de. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Spelling rules for street names according to Duden
  6. ↑ https://www.sekada.de/din-5008/din-lexikon-az/artikel/12-tipps-um-strassennamen-immer-korrekt-nach-din5008-zu-schreiben/
  7. ↑ Bastian Sick : The dative is his death to the genitive, episode 3. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-462-03742-0 , p. 182 ff.
  8. ↑ a b c City of Münster: Civil Engineering Office - Building Measures - Heroldstrasse , accessed on March 10, 2018
  9. ^ Ordinance on the elimination of unacceptable naming of streets, paths and squares. (JPG) In: GBl I 1950 No. 39. Government of the GDR, March 30, 1950, pp. 296–296 , accessed on January 12, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Hubertus Knabe: GDR street names: How the GDR lives on in the provinces. In: Spiegel Online . October 3, 2006, accessed June 17, 2015 .
  11. ^ Klaus Arlt: The street names of the city of Potsdam. History and meaning . Dedicated to the researcher of the historical Potsdam city topography, Ing. Hermann Fellien. In: Announcements from the Sanssouci Association - Association for Culture and History of Potsdam . 4th year, no. 4 . Potsdam 1999, p. 57 ( aip.de [PDF; 345 kB ; Retrieved January 12, 2017] Platz der Einheit in Potsdam, originally because of German unity, later reinterpreted as the unity of the working class.).
  12. ↑ Sebastian Hammelehle: Debate about Moses Mendelssohn Platz Berlin, Hartz IV and warnings. In: spiegel.de. April 24, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2017 .
  13. ^ Sophie Albers: Berliner Posse for quota for street names: Why Mendelssohn's wife is allowed on the sign. In: stern.de. April 27, 2013, accessed January 12, 2017 .
  14. ↑ Street directory of Austria
  15. ↑ Statistics on the Swiss telephone directory
  16. ^ City of Zurich: street names
  17. ↑ Evaluation based on 1993 census data
  18. ↑ Source: Geodata from FUZZY! Post ™ as of July 2007
  19. ↑ In the first Greater Berlin address book, for example, there are five Fritz-Reuter-Strasse, but also seven Friedenstrasse . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1922, IV., S. VI. Peace roads recorded. 1) Friedrichshainer Friedenstrasse in the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district , 2) Mariendorfer Strasse in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district , 3) Köpenicker and Adlershofer Friedenstrasse in the Treptow-Köpenick district , 4) Wannseer Friedenstrasse in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district , 5) Mahlsdorfer Friedenstrasse in the Marzahn district . 6) Lankwitzer Friedensstraße was renamed in 1938. The name Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse came from the municipalities 14 times . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1922, IV., S. VIII. Zu Groß-Berlin. 13 have since been renamed, only Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße in Lankwitz (Steglitz-Zehlendorf district) remains.
  20. ↑ Walter Blaha et al. a .: Erfurt street names in their historical development. Erfurt 1992, p. 109.
  21. ^ Symposium of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe on the renaming of street names contaminated by NS on July 12, 2011
  22. ^ Johannes Kramer, Street names in Cologne during the French period , 1984, p. 113
  23. ^ Franz Steiner Verlag, Journal for Company History , Volume 24, 1979, p. 15
  24. ↑ Deutsche Post AG press release of July 18, 2001, accessed on March 21, 2016
  25. ↑ Deutsche Post AG press release of July 18, 2001, accessed on May 24, 2014
  26. ↑ Statistical analysis of the Swiss telephone directory on a private website, accessed on May 24, 2014
  27. ↑ Halifax Estate Agents reveals the UK's Top 50 street names Press release from Halifax Bank's real estate division dated January 2, 2009, accessed May 24, 2014. PDF, 40kB (English)

literature

  • Matthias Frese (Ed.): Questionable honors !? Street names as an instrument of history politics and culture of remembrance , published by the LWL Institute for Westphalian Regional History . Ardey, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-87023-363-1 .
  • Arndt Kremer: Describing names: street names and other name fields in German as a foreign language lessons (= Marc Hieronimus (Hrsg.): Historical sources in DaF lessons. Materials German as a foreign language . Volume 86). Universitätsverlag, Göttingen 2012, pp. 135–176. ISBN 978-3-86395-061-3 .
  • Johanna Sänger: hero cult and love of home. Street names and names of honor in the official memory of the GDR. Christoph Links, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-86153-398-7 (dissertation University of Jena 2005, 256 pages, review ).
  • Berchtold Weber: Streets and their names. Using the example of the municipality of Bern. Stämpfli, Bern 1990, ISBN 3-7272-9850-2 .
  • Marion Werner: From Adolf-Hitler-Platz to Ebertplatz . A cultural history of Cologne street names since 1933. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20183-8 (dissertation University of Cologne 2005, 448 pages).
  • Artur Hoffmann: The typical street names in the Middle Ages and their relationship to cultural history. With special consideration of the Baltic Sea cities. Rautenberg, Königsberg 1913, OCLC 14062070 (Philosophical dissertation Albertus University of Königsberg 1913, 103 pages).
  • Dietz Bering, Klaus Grosssteinbeck: The cultural history of street names. New perspectives on old terrain, gained from the example of Cologne. In: Native , 104, H. 2, Wiesbaden June 1994 ISSN  0027-514X , pp 97-117.

Web links

Wiktionary: street name  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations