Common lilac

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Common lilac
Common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)

Common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Olive family (Oleaceae)
Genre : Lilac ( syringa )
Type : Common lilac
Scientific name
Syringa vulgaris
L.

The Common lilac or Ordinary Lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ) is a plant art , the member of the family Oleaceae part (Oleaceae). Outdated names for the common lilac are Syringe and Lilach .

description

Close-up of a common lilac in the Neckar valley
Common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris )

The plant grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree with heights between 2 and 6 meters. The round twigs have gray or brown-green bark , which is longitudinally fissured on the branches and trunk.

The oppositely arranged leaves are between 5 and 12 centimeters long and have 1 to 3 centimeters stalk. The heart-shaped leaves are long, pointed and smooth-edged.

The strong-smelling, four-fold flowers are in a dense, terminal panicle. The color can be blue, purple, reddish, or white. Flowering time is from April to May.

Two-lobed, brownish and woody capsules are formed as fruits. The fruit ripens from September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38, 44 or 46.

distribution

The common lilac is widespread in Southeast Europe and the Middle East. The original distribution area extends from central Albania to northern Romania. The species is often planted in numerous garden types and is often naturalized on rocky slopes or railway embankments. It is a neophyte in some countries in Europe, Asia and North America. As a location, light forests and bushes are preferred. According to Oberdorfer, the species occurs in Central Europe in companies of the Berberidion association.

The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation assesses the common lilac as an invasive species and has put it on the management list of the black list of invasive species because it can displace native species.

Others

In 1560 the common lilac was brought to Vienna from Constantinople by the imperial envoy Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq . Since the end of the 16th century it can be found first in France and later in cottage gardens in Central Europe . But until the mid-19th century, when the breeding of Syringa vulgaris - hybrids spawned a host of new colors and color mixes, he became popular in gardens.

Structural formula of syringin

Syringin was isolated from the common lilac in 1841 .

In addition, the following chemical compounds are derived therefrom , both by name and structure: syringol , syringa alcohol , syringaaldehyde , syringic acid and acetosyringone .

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Bruno P. Kremer, Gunter Steinbach (eds.); Reinhild Hofmann: Shrub trees: recognize & determine. Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11478-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jacob Grimm; Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary. Leipzig 1854 ff., Keyword "(common) Syringe" .
  2. ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. (with the assistance of Wilhelm Wissmann and Wolfgang Pfeifer ): Volume I – V, Leipzig, Stuttgart and Wiesbaden 1943–1979, Volume III (from column 481) and IV ed. by Heinz Paul, Volume V (register volume) 1958 with Wilhelm Wissmann; New print Cologne 2000. ISBN 3-88059-982-3 , Volume IV, Col. 69 f. and 546 f.
  3. ↑ Syringa vulgaris at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Syringa vulgaris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 10, 2017.
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 749 .
  6. ↑ Nature conservation-related invasiveness assessments for non-native vascular plants living in the wild in Germany , pp. 192–193 (PDF pages 194–195).
  7. ↑ Alphons Meillet: Lilacin. In: Justus Liebig's Annals of Chemistry . 40 (3), 1841, pp. 319-320. doi: 10.1002 / jlac.18410400342
  8. ↑ Alphons Meillet: About the Lilacin, the bitter principle of the Lilas ( Syringa vulgaris ). In: Archives of Pharmacy . 79 (3), 1842, pp. 354-356. doi: 10.1002 / ardp.18420790312
  9. ^ Franz J. Bernays: Ueber das Syringin. In: Pharmaceutisches Central Blatt . 12, 1841, pp. 938-939. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  10. ↑ Franz J. Bernays: About a new crystallizable plant substance, the syringin from the Syringa vulgaris. In: Repertory for Pharmacy . 74, 1841, pp. 348-351. ( limited preview in Google Book search)

Web links

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