Day flowers

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Day flowers
Commelina communis

Commelina communis

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Commelina-like (Commelinales)
Family : Commelina plants (Commelinaceae)
Subfamily : Commelinoideae
Genre : Day flowers
Scientific name
Commelina
L.
Zygomorphic flower of Commelina benghalensis

Day flowers ( Commelina ) are a genus in the family of the Commelina plants (Commelinaceae) within the monocot plants . The approximately 200 species are native to the tropics and subtropics.

The genus Commelina is named after the Dutch botanist Jan Commelin (1629 - 1692) and his nephew Caspar Commelin (1668 - 1731). The botanist Charles Plumier named this genus in honor of the Commelins. Carl von Linné later adopted this name.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Commelina species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They have fibrous or tuberous roots. The stems are creeping or upright, sometimes thickened like rhizomes, but there are no rhizomes. The alternate two-line or spiral leaves on the stem are sessile or have short petioles.

Generative characteristics

At the end there are one or two zymous inflorescences in a spathe-like bract or two opposite bracts. The clearly stalked, zygomorphic flowers are kleistogamous, hermaphrodite or polygamous , with some flowers then developing exclusively male reproductive organs. The two bract circles are clearly different. The three sepals are free or almost free and are shaped differently from one another, the two outermost are often fused like a hood. The three blue or white colored petals stand free, are shaped differently, whereby the lowest one can be very small, so that it occasionally seems as if it is missing. The top two are nailed to the base and have a significantly enlarged top. Of the six stamens three are fertile (fertile), these have ellipsoidal or saddle-like shaped anthers, the sterile stamens ( staminodes ) are X-shaped. The stamens of all stamens are hairless. The ovary is sessile, hairless, two to dreikammerig with one to two ovules per chamber.

Two to three-fold, dry, popping capsule fruits are formed. The seeds have a smooth surface or are provided with various types of markings, they have a straight hilum (germination point).

The basic chromosome number is x = 11 to 15.

Systematics

The genus Commelina belongs to the tribe Commelineae in the subfamily of Commelinoideae within the family of Commelinaceae . The genus name Commelina was 1753 Linnaeus in Sp. Pl. , 1, p 40 first published . Lectotype is Commelina communis L. Synonyms for Commelina L. are Athyrocarpus Schltdl. ex Benth. , Commelinopsis Pichon , Phaeosphaerion Hassk.

The genus Commelina includes the following species:

Species of the genus Commelina
Commelina africana
Commelina benghalensis
Commelina bracteosa
Commelina cyanea
Commelina dianthifolia
Commelina diffusa
Commelina ensifolia
Commelina fluviatilis
Commelina forskaolii
Zygomorphic flowers of Commelina kituloensis
Commelina maculata
Commelina obliqua
Commelina suffruticosa
Commelina tuberosa
Commelina tuberosa
Commelina virginica
Commelina welwitschii

Description of individual species

Commelina benghalensis is creeping and has deep blue petals that narrow at the base. This type of plant can only be grown outdoors in areas with a very temperate climate. Their home is tropical Africa and Asia. Their chromosome number is 2n = 22.

Commelina coelestis is completely hairy. Your home is Central America. Their chromosome number is 2n = 90.

Commelina communis originates from Asia and can be found today in many areas of northern Italy, where it grows rampant in damp places, on canals, hedges and fields, even in gardens. The bracts of the sky-blue flowers are only fused on one side. In Japan this species iscultivatedas a dye plant. The blue dye forms the basic material for dyeing the awobana paper.

Commelina virginica comes from the USA, it also grows wild easily and has bracts that are overgrown like a bag.

swell

  • Deyuan Hong & Robert A. DeFilipps: Commelinaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 24, 2000, p. 35: Commelina - Online. (Section description and systematics)
  • Robert B. Faden: Commelinaceae in the Flora of North America , Volume 22, 2000: Commelina - Online. (Section description and systematics)
  • Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Commelina. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  3. ^ GR Proctor: Commelina . In: Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong (editors): Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands , In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium , Volume 52, 2005, pages 157-161.
  4. ↑ Commelina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ a b Tropicos. [2]

Web links

Commons : Commelina  - collection of images, videos and audio files