Takanakuy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Takanakuy ( Quechua for "hitting each other") is a festival that is widespread in the southern Andes of Peru - especially in the province of Chumbivilcas ( Departamento Cusco ) and the province of Cotabambas ( Departamento Apurímac ) - during which duels are carried out at Christmas or New Year of the associated chants with dances, the Wayliya (Waylilla, Waylía or Hispanic Huaylilla) .

Spread of the festival

Originally mainly in Santo Tomas and other Quechua -Dörfern in Chumbivilcas Province, as well as in the province of Cotabambas, but also in the province Antabamba in Apurimac celebrated festival is now also in the cities of Cusco - above the ancient fortress of Sacsayhuaman and - Lima practiced . These celebrations often attract foreign tourists as well .

Depending on the location, the festival takes place on December 25th (also in Santo Tomás , the most famous venue), December 26th or January 1st , less often on another day in December or January. Only in Ccoyo is it celebrated on July 26th , the day of the village saint Saint Anna .

procedure

The duels are publicly held in the middle of a circle of spectators and are always accompanied by the wayliya (also Waylía , Waylilla , Huaylía or Huaylilla) , a singing with characteristic dance performed only for this festival, which other festival participants sing and dance. The dancers appear with typical festival masks (uya ch'ullu) in groups of dancers, including Walaychu (“small mandolin”), Qorilazo (“Goldlasso”, in the province of Chumbivilcas the term for mounted cattle breeders) or Kinsa qoyllur (“Three Stars "). Five different characters are represented by the groups of dancers: the black (negro) , the merchant from Majes ( majeño ), the grasshopper (q'arak'apa , qara kapa or langosta) , the leather stocking (qarawatana) and the naked cock (q ' ara gallo) . While the grasshopper was introduced due to historical locust plagues in the 1940s, the leather stocking in the 1960s and the naked cock even later, the black and the majeño are older.

These are public fights between two opponents who face each other in the middle of a circle of spectators. When fighting, both women and men compete against each other. Children can also fight against each other, but pushing with the shoulders without using the arms and hands is common. Referees (teniente-gobernadores, celadores) ensure that those involved do not seriously injure themselves in the ritual fight with pure physical exertion . The festival ends with a ritual dance for everyone involved.

purpose

The aim of the fight is not primarily to win the fight or to injure the opponent as badly as possible, but rather to enable the opponents to resolve all disputes and to reduce aggression that has built up over the year. As a ritual, Takanakuy also functions as a public forum for the display of masculinity and courage ( bravura ), as the participants, although supposedly in disguise, are indeed recognizable. Even children playfully practice takanakuy by pushing each other out of a circle (playing field) with their shoulders without using their hands.

literature

  • Deborah Poole: Unruly order: violence, power, and cultural identity in the high provinces of southern Peru , Westview Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8133-8749-3
  • Máximo Cama Ttito, Alejandra Ttito Tica (1999): Peleas rituales - la waylía takanakuy en Santo Tomás . Revista Antropológica 17 (17), pp. 151-185.
  • Norbert Elias : Un ensayo sobre el deporte y la violencia , in: Norbert Elias, Eric Dunning: Deporte y Ocio en el proceso de la civilización . FCE, Ciudad de México 1992.
  • Víctor Laime Mantilla: Takanakuy - cuando la sangre hierve . Wilkar, Qosqo [Cusco] 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa. Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua , Cusco 2006. p. 602: takanakuy . v. Pelear entre personas a golpes. || Topetear entre dos animales. || Chocar entre sí dos cosas duras.
  2. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007. P. 112: takanakuy . recipr. Golpearse, topetarse.
  3. ^ Norka Peralta Liñán: Takanakuy, la polémica tradición de celebrar la Navidad a golpes en Perú . BBC Mundo, December 25, 2015.
  4. ↑ Luis Podestá Núñez: El takanakuy invade Lima y Arequipa - Volver a ser amigos a puñetazos y arreglar problemas familiares y vecinales sin recurrir a los jueces . Podestaprensa, December 29, 2015.
  5. ↑ Turista llegó hasta el Cusco para participar del famoso Takanakuy Peru.com, July 22, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b c Cama Ttito & Ttito Tica (1999)
  7. ↑ a b Máximo Cama Ttito (2012): Mamacha Santanata yuyarispa, Ccoyo Santomaspi yanqalla takanakuy . Atuqpa Chupan Riwista, No. 2, p. 26.
  8. ↑ Laime Mantilla (2003)
  9. ↑ a b Inge Bolin: Growing up in a culture of respect: child rearing in highland Peru , University of Texas Press, 2006, ISBN 0-292-71298-7 , page 67f.
  10. ↑ Deborah Ann Poole (1994)