Takatsukasa (family)

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Those of Takatsukasa ( Japanese 鷹 司 , Takatsukasa-ke ) are a Japanese noble family who, as a branch of the Fujiwara , had political influence at court for centuries since the Heian period and numerous sesshō and kampaku ( regents ) and many wives for the Japanese emperors .

General

The Takatsukasa-ke was founded as a split from the centuries - old Fujiwara , during the middle Kamakura period by the fourth son of Konoe Iezane ( 近衛 家 実 ) Kanehira . The house was one of the five regent houses ( 五 摂 家 , go-sekke ).

The family residence - located in the block between Tsuchimikado / Takatsukasa and Muromachi / Karasuma streets - was destroyed in 1467 at the beginning of the Ōnin War . During the Sengoku period , the line with Takatsukasa Tadafuyu ( 鷹 司 忠 冬 ) died out. At the beginning of the Edo period, a son of Nijo Haruyoshi ( 二条 晴 良 ) revived the name when he renamed himself Takatsukasa Nobufusa ( 鷹 司 信 房 ) after adoption . Later a sideline emerged that was part of the Matsudaira ( 鷹 司 松 平 氏 , Takatsukasa-Matsudaira-shi ).

During the Edo period , the family had a modest income of between 1000 and 1500 koku .

The imperial prince Kan'in-no-miya Naohito-shinnō ( 閑 院 宮 直 仁 親王 ) entered the family succession in 1743. The third daughter of Shōwa-Tennō , Princess Taka ( 孝 宮 , Taka no miya ; † May 27, 1989, 59 years old) married the head of the family Takatsukasa Toshimichi († 1966) in 1950 and took the name Takatsukasa Kazuko ( 孝 宮 和 子 ) .

The heirs of the Takatsukasa, like all heads of families of the go-sekke , all princes ( kōshaku ) during the nobility reform in 1884 .

Regents

The heads of families usually went through the following cursus honorum , with the corresponding court rank being awarded to them: The Gon-Chūnagon ( 権 中 納 言 ) was followed by the appointment to the office of "Chancellor of the Interior" ( naidaijin ), then to the "Chancellor on the right" ( udaijin ). After taking office as "Chancellor on the left" ( sadaijin ), he was often appointed regent soon or at the same time. Most regents resigned after a few years, but there are also terms of office of 23 and 30 years. Resigned often received the Grand Chancellery ( Dajō Daijin ) on an honorary basis . Many also withdrew to Buddhist monasteries, much like retired emperors. Subsequent sons also often entered the intellectual state, with the family in the 13th / 14th Established a strong connection to the Kōfuku-ji in the 19th century , where the bettō office was mostly in the hands of family members.

All incumbents and their periods of reign are listed on the list of Japanese rulers .

Historically important relatives

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus Takatsukasa is the family name, Uchimasa z. B. the first name.

Original line (until 1552)

  • Takatsukasa Kanehira (1228–94;鷹 司 兼 平 ). Founder of the line.
  • Takatsukasa Mototada (1247–1313 / 7/7;鷹 司 基 忠 )
  • Takatsukasa Kanetada (1262–1301 / 8/25 ,鷹 司 兼 忠 )
  • Takatsukasa Fuyuhira (1275-1327, 鷹 司 冬 平 ), followed his father Kanetada into regent office, first as sesshō , then kampaku for Hanazono (1308-13, again 1315-16), then again for Go-Daigo (1324-27). 1310-11 and 1323-27 he held the office of the Grand Chancellery. His wife was a daughter of Konoe Kaneyoshi . He adopted Fuyunori and Morohira , the latter a biological son Ichijō Uchisane ( 一条 内 実 ). His diary has survived.
  • Takatsukasa Fuyunori (1295–1337; 鷹 司 冬 教 )
  • Takatsukasa Morohira (1310–53; 鷹 司 師 平 ), received the following third court rank at the age of 17, was Gon-Chūnagon the next year . In 1337 he was appointed Naidaijin , two years later he was given the position of "Chancellor on the Right" (until 1743). As a Kampaku for Kōmyō (from the Jimyōin line) he officiated 1342-6, from 1344 in the following first court rank. He is also known as Isshinin Zenkampaku or Shōkōin . His adopted son was Fuyumichi .
  • Takatsukasa Fuyumichi (1330–86; 鷹 司 冬 通 ) was raised to the following third rank in 1342, two years later Gon-Chūnagon . The chancellorship on the right followed in 1360, two years later udaijin the following year it was elevated to first rank. 1367-9 he was regent for Go-Kōgon . He was also head of the office for the imperial bodyguard on the left. One of his sons († 1428; 孝 尋 ) entered the temple Kofuku-ji of the Hosso sect in Nara . One daughter was married to Ichijō Tsunetsugu .
  • Takatsukasa Fuyuie (1357–1425; 鷹 司 冬 家 )
  • Takatsukasa Fusahira († 1472; 鷹 司 房 平 ). As far as is known, five of his later-born sons entered the clergy, where they received high offices. He was raised to the following third rank in 1426, two years later Gon-Chūnagon, 1435 Naidaijin. Three years later, udaijin . After being raised to the following first rank in 1443, he was appointed Chancellor on the left in 1446, until he then officiated as regent for Go-Hanazono from 1454-55 .
  • Takatsukasa Masahira (1445–1517; 鷹 司 政 平 ). The son of Fusahira received the following third place at the age of 16 and was Gon-Chūnagon the following year. When the Ōnin War began, it became Naidaijin in 1468. In 1475 he held both offices one after the other, the one on the left until 1479, when he was finally regent of Go-Tsuchimikado in 1483-88 and since 1485 Grand Chancellor in the devastated Kyoto. In 1516 he took the tonsure. He was married since 1470 to Ichijō Tsuneko (= Manshu-in ), daughter of Ichijō Kanera to whom he was personally closely connected.
  • Takatsukasa Kanesuke (1480-1552; 鷹 司 兼 輔 ), the son of Masahira received the third following rank in 1493, at 17 he was Gon-Chūnagon, 1506 Naidaijin. The appointment as chancellor on the right followed in the next year. 1514-18 he acted as regent for Go-Kashiwabara . 1515-19 he was also Chancellor on the left, in the first court rank. In 1542 he was ceremonially treated as an imperial mother. Since 1544 he was in the monastery, with the religious name Teikan .
  • Takatsukasa Tadafuyu (1509–1546; 鷹 司 忠 冬 ), son of Kanesuke , ruler from 1542–45 for Go-Nara , was the last of the line. Extinction was prevented by the adoption of the name Takatsukasa Nobufusa by a son of Nijo Haruyoshi long after Tadafuyu's death.

Newly established line

  • Takatsukasa Nobufusa (1565–1658;鷹 司 信 房 )
  • Takatsukasa Nobuhisa (1590–1621; 鷹 司 信 尚 ). Regent 1612–15 for Go-Mizunoo . Married to the Imperial Princess Kiyoko ( 清 子 ), daughter of Go-Yōzei .
  • Takatsukasa Takako (1602–1674;鷹 司 孝子 )
  • Takatsukasa Norihira (1609–1668;鷹 司 教 平 )
  • Takatsukasa Nobuko (1651-1709;信 子 ), Norihira's daughter, became the Jōkō-in of the Tokugawa Tsunayoshi .
  • Takatsukasa Fusasuke (1637–1700;鷹 司 房 輔 )
  • Takatsukasa Kanehiro (1659–1725; 鷹 司 兼 熙 ), the eldest son of Fusasuke, was 1703–07 Chancellor on the left and regent of Higashiyama in the first following court rank. His wife known as Matsudaira-chō was a daughter of the daimyo of Takamatsu in Sanuki Matsudaira Yorishige Province . He adopted Fusahiro (1710-30; 房 熙 ) who was Naidaijin from 1728. He also had a daughter Motoko (1675–1697; 鷹 司 基 子 ), who became a lady-in-waiting. His calligraphies of Genji monogatari have survived .
  • Takatsukasa Sukenobu (1683–1744; 鷹 司 輔 信 ) the fourth son of Fusasuke, was married to Yaeko (1689–1746), the adopted daughter of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi . His second wife was the Yōshin-in († 1739) from the Mori clan. He had a daughter who went to the monastery. He was active as a tea master .
  • Takatsukasa Hisasuke (1726–1733; 鷹 司 尚 輔 ) died young , as did his adoptive father Fusahiro . His birth father was Konoe Iehiro . To get the ie , "he" adopted Mototeru (1727–43; 基 輝 ; posthumously: Jōjūshiin ), the second son of Ichijō Kaneka.
  • Takatsukasa Sukehira (1738–1813;鷹 司 輔 平 ).
  • Takatsukasa family Masahiro (* 1761, † March 10, 1840 [jap .: Calendar pace 11/2/7]; 鷹司政熙 ), the eldest son Sukehiras was 1789 Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan. It followed in 1776 the appointment as Chancellor to the left (until 1779), until he then officiated as regent for Kōkaku from 1795-1814 . In terms of protocol, he was equated with an empress mother. In 1823 he entered a monastery under the name Bunkyōin Nyūdō . He had at least three wives and about 30 children, most of them with his main wife, a daughter of the 10th daimyo of Tokushima in the province of Awa Hasuda Shigenobu ( 蜂 須 賀 重 喜 ).
  • Takatsukasa Masamichi (* 1789 in Kyoto; † 1868/10/16;鷹 司 政通 )
  • Takatsukasa Sukehiro (* 1807 in Kyoto; † November 19, 1879;鷹 司 輔 煕 )

Modern

Wedding photo of Takatsukasa Toshimichi and Princess Taka (1950)
  • Takatsukasa Hiromichi (* 1855 in Kyoto; † May 17, 1918;鷹 司 煕 通 )
  • Takatsukasa Nobusuke (April 29, 1889 - February 1, 1959)
  • Takatsukasa Toshimichi (1923-66; 鷹 司 平 通 ), Nobusuke's only son, married Princess Taka , third daughter of Shōwa-Tennō . He was employed by the Tokyo Transport Museum and wrote books on locomotives. He adopted Hisatake from the Matsudaira family .
  • Takatsukasa Hisatake ( 鷹 司 尚武 ) has not only been high priest at the Ise Shrine since 2007 , but was also President of NEC Communication Systems Ltd. (NEC 通信 シ ス テ ム ). He has a son and a daughter.

Literature and works

  • Nakamura Kazunori: Bibliographical Study of “The Takatsukasa Family Books” in: 書 陵 部 紀要 Vol. 44, pp. 33-51, ISSN  0447-4112
  • Tanaka Akira (et al.): 公家 ・ 近衞 家 公家 ・ 鷹 司 家 公家 ・ 三條 家 ( Kuge Konoe-ke, kuge Takatsukasa-ke, kuge Sanjō-ke). Mainichi Shinbunsha, Tokyo 1990, ISBN 4620603198
  1. ↑ Fuyuhira kōki ( 冬 平 公 記 ) in: Zōho shiryō taisei. Kyōto Rinsen Shoten 1965, Vol. 36, pp. 252-262
  2. ^ Steven D. Carter: Regent redux - a life of statesman-scholar Ichijō Kaneyoshi . Ann Arbor 1996, ISBN 0-939512-75-0
  3. ↑ Berend Wispelwey (Ed.): Japanese Biographical Archive . Fiche 384, KG Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-598-34014-1 , gives Ōe Takeko as the name of the mother
  4. ↑ in: Murasaki Shikibu: 源氏 色 紙 繪 讃 解說 ( Genji shikishi esan kaisetsu ). Bijutsu Kurabu Kanteibu, Tokyo 1976

See also