Valley municipality of Fleims

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Episcopal Palace in Cavalese

The valley community of Fleims (Italian: Magnifica Comunità di Fiemme ) is a supra-community union of eleven communities in the Trentino-South Tyrol region . It can look back on a proven 900-year tradition. This long tradition and the extensive self-government that it used to have set it apart from most other political alliances, such as those known as valley communities. The valley community includes eight Italian and Ladin-speaking communities from the Val di Fiemme and Fassa Valley (today all in Trentino ), as well as the only German-speaking community Truden (today in South Tyrol ). The eight municipalities of Trentino are: Moena (Fassa Valley), Predazzo , Ziano , Panchià , Tesero , Cavalese , Ville di Fiemme , Castello-Molina di Fiemme . The valley municipality of Fleims should not be confused with the regional authority of the Autonomous Province of Trento of the valley community Comunità territoriale della Val di Fiemme .

History, economy, organization

The foundation stone was laid in Bolzano in 1111 through a contract with Bishop Gebhard von Trient and Count Albert von Tirol , who granted the community independent administration and jurisdiction in certain matters. He also provided for tax and customs relief. These Patti Ghebardini ( Gebhardin Pacts ) were concluded between four representatives from the Fiemme Valley on the one hand and the Trento bishop on the other hand and were renewed in 1318 and 1322. Further regulations followed in 1533 and 1534, in 1613 the Libro delle consuetudini della Valle di Fiemme ( Book of Customs of the Fiemme Valley ).

The valley community is divided into fuochi ( hearths ), which correspond to families; every hearth has the capofuoco ( cooker , head of the family ), the inhabitants are the vicini ( neighbors ). In the consiglio dei regolani ( Council of Rigel representatives ) the representatives of the eleven regole ( Rigeln , municipalities ) with the scario (from Langobard means roughly means squad leader ) are gathered at the head. The comun generale ( Talschaftsrat ) is superordinate to this body . The seat is in the pretty episcopal palace in Cavalese . In the 14th century there were about 300 stoves, in 2004 there were over 4,000. The area covers almost 20,000 hectares, more than half of which is forest.

Although the economy was not based solely on the inputs from the forest, it was mainly these that brought the economy in the valley to bloom. Larch trunks reached the Adriatic through the Adige and served as pillars for the city of Venice . Art was also cultivated, with the Magnifica Comunità creating its own school of painting, of which Michelangelo Unterberger is perhaps the most important representative .

secularization

With the secularization of church property, the occupation by the Bavarians and the incorporation of the area into the Habsburg Empire , the old rights were largely lost. But it is still common today, for example, to distribute the proceeds from the sale of the wood to all vicini ; In today's timber market, however, the valley community is in a poor position.

The elections of the bodies do not correspond to today's democratic understanding; Only the heads of the families are entitled to vote. However, these are bodies that do not belong to the usual institutions of the modern Italian state, but are accepted as customary law.

In cities of the former Habsburg Empire ( Trient , Innsbruck , Vienna), but also in Munich, there are still old documents that report on the Magnifica Comunitá.

literature

  • Tullio von Sartori-Montecroce: The valley and judicial community of Fleims and its statutory rights. Innsbruck: Wagner 1891.
  • Michael Vescoli: The valley community of Fleims. In: Reimmichl's People's Calendar 2012. Bolzano: Athesia Publishing House 2011.
  • Degiampietro Candido: Storia di Fiemme e della Magnifica comunità. Ed. Magnifica Comunità di Fiemme, 1997.
  • Walter Niedermayr: Coesistenze Coexistences. Berlin 2017.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Freiherr von Schwind, Alfons Dopsch : Selected documents on the constitutional history of the German-Austrian hereditary lands in the Middle Ages. Innsbruck: Wagner 1895, p. 3, No. 3 ( online ).