Fire trucks in the GDR
The construction of fire trucks began in the GDR in the fire extinguishing equipment plants in Jöhstadt and Görlitz . From 1949, the TLF 15 tank tender was built on the available H3A and G5 truck chassis .
TLF 15 (H3A)
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Tank fire engine TLF 15 |
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| Vehicle data
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 0/1/4 |
| Fire pump : | FPH 15/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2000 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 80 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 10 kilograms |
| Perm. Total mass : | 7080 kilograms |
| Drive: | Street |
From 1949, IFA presented a new Horch with a 3 ton payload at the Leipzig spring fair. As early as 1950, the first vehicles were built in series at the VEB IFA motor vehicle plant in Horch Zwickau . Since high-performance fire engines were mainly required for the fire brigades in towns and companies, body variants had to be produced quickly and inexpensively. Thus, from 1953, the superstructures for the TLF 15 fire fighting vehicles on H3A and G5 were manufactured in the VEB fire extinguishing equipment factory in Jöhstadt , thus introducing the first generation of fire fighting vehicles in the GDR.
The tank fire engine 15 on H3A was manufactured with a closed relay cabin in a mixed construction (steel and wood) for a crew of 1: 4 (5 men). A spare wheel is fastened in the middle of the crew cabin, which, however, led to a considerable loss of space for the crew.
The structure was made in a half-open design so that the pump with the three hose reels is exposed. The extinguishing devices were clearly arranged in the structure for the crew. At the rear of the vehicle there is a fixed, two-stage centrifugal fire-fighting pump driven by the vehicle engine, which achieves a nominal delivery rate of 1500 l / min at a nominal delivery pressure of 8 bar and a nominal delivery height of 3 meters (FPH 15/8). The 2000 liter extinguishing water tank made of aluminum enables a quick extinguishing attack in the event of fires and at the same time serves as a compensation tank during the extinguishing water supply. For foam generation, 80 l foaming agents are stowed in canisters in the structure. The vehicle also has 2 C-hose reels (150 m) which are attached to the rear of the vehicle and a rapid attack device (30 m) with a flexible high-pressure hose directly on the rear of the vehicle. In addition, there are 40 m of B pressure hose in the construction, as well as all other water-bearing fittings of the fire brigade. To protect the hoses from the weather, protective covers are stretched over the reels. There are two ladder sections and the entrance to the tank on the body.
The H3A was often seen as a standard vehicle on the roads of the republic in the 1950s. It reaches a top speed of 70 km / h and has a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine (EM 4) with an output of 80 hp (58.8 kW). The fire fighting vehicle could be used independently for fire fighting and hazard clearance, but also together with other fire fighting vehicles if required.
TLF 15 H3A
Hose reels
TLF 15 (G5)
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Tank fire engine TLF 15 |
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| Vehicle data
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 0/1/5 |
| Fire pump : | FPV 15/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2500 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 200 liters |
| Perm. Total mass : | 13,000 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
In order to meet the demand for all-terrain trucks in the military and in the construction industry, the decision was made to start series production of the all -terrain, three-axle G5 trucks from 1952 , which were built according to old VOMAG documents in the 5-ton class.
In 1953, the fire brigade began producing a pilot series. Series production then began in 1954 in the VEB IFA motor vehicle plant "Ernst Grube" Werdau . As with the H3A, the TLF 15 was built on G5 in the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Jöhstadt from 1953 (from 1959 in the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Luckenwalde ).
The squadron cabin was made in the mixed construction (wood, steel) customary at the time and offered enough space for a crew of 1: 5 (6 men). For better fire fighting, the fire trucks were fitted with a reversible jet pipe ex works. The turning jet pipe, which is attached behind the driver's cab above the extinguishing water tank, can also be used while driving at low speeds. The three-stage centrifugal fire extinguishing pump (FPV 15/8), driven by the vehicle engine, is located directly at the front of the vehicle in order to ensure that the extinguishing water extraction point can be reached quickly . The nominal delivery rate of the front-mounted pump is 1500 liters / min at 8 bar nominal delivery pressure. For pump operation, the engine speed of the front-mounted pump can be controlled using a lever. Medium or heavy foam is generated via the admixing device, which is flange-mounted directly to the centrifugal fire pump, which can then be discharged via the reversible jet pipe as well as via the rapid attack device.
The fire-fighting equipment is partially open on the outside of the extinguishing water tank. Two rapid attack devices with 30 m rubber hose are placed vertically on both sides directly behind the crew cabin. The extinguishing agent is transported by the pump via pipelines that lead to the rapid attack device and the turning jet pipe. In order to be able to build up the extinguishing water supply, there is a C-hose reel on each side of the extinguishing water tank. A mobile B-hose reel is sprouted on the rear with 160 m hose material. The extinguishing water tank has a nominal volume of 2500 l and the built-in foam compound tank 200 l of extinguishing foam .
These vehicles were purchased for the NVA ( National People's Army ) in the 1950s in order to get on the sandy subsoil of the training grounds. They also met the required military requirements
- all wheel drive
- Wading ability
- Climbing ability
- Gradeability up to 35 percent
- Ability to exceed
in service. There were two paint finishes, fire red and olive green Chlorbuna (similar to RAL 6003) with the corresponding national emblems in the middle of the doors of the driver's cab.
The G5 reaches a top speed of 60 km / h and has a six-cylinder, four-stroke EM 6 diesel engine with an output of 120 hp (88.3 kW). The fire truck could be used independently or together with other fire engines.
Front-mounted pump FPV 15-8
Military version of the TLF15 on G5
TLF 16 (S4000-1)
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Tank fire engine TLF 16 |
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| Vehicle data
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 0/1/5 |
| Fire pump : | FPH 16/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2000 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 4 × 20 liters |
| Perm. Total mass : | 8100 kilograms |
| Drive: | Street |
With the construction of the fire fighting vehicles on the chassis of the type IFA S4000-1 from the VEB IFA motor vehicle plant “Ernst Grube” Werdau , the second generation of fire fighting vehicles was introduced. The S4000-1 was built from 1959 in the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Jöhstadt and from 1965 in the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Luckenwalde and replaced its predecessor, the TLF 15 on the chassis of the H3A .
The squadron cabin, which was separated from the superstructure, was manufactured in the mixed construction (wood, steel) customary at the time and offered sufficient space for a crew of 1: 5 (six men). During the construction period there were two versions of the relay cabins that can be visually differentiated. Initially, the bodies made in Jöhstadt, still slightly rounded on the sides, were manufactured with decorative strips on the cabin side. In order to provide a uniform image in the fire fighting train opposite the fire engine 16 (S 4000-1) (see fire engines in the GDR ), the side surfaces in the Luckenwalde plant were leveled in the last few years of construction. The blue flashing lights on the driver's cab have been gradually replaced by blue rotating beacons to improve road safety .
As a special feature, the fire brigade equipment of the TLF 16 is completely stowed away in the body in a weatherproof manner. In the rear of the vehicle there is a permanently installed centrifugal fire pump driven by the vehicle engine, which now achieves a nominal delivery rate of 1600 l / min at a nominal delivery pressure of 8 bar (FPH 16/8). A 30-meter high-pressure rapid attack device (rubber hose) with a coupled jet pipe is also housed in the superstructure for a quick fire-fighting attack. The extinguishing water tank with exhaust gas heating system for use in winter is also worth mentioning, here the exhaust pipe that runs through the tank is used for heating. The steel extinguishing water tank with a nominal volume of 2000 liters has been given a special interior paint for possible drinking water transports. In addition, four 20 liter foam compound canisters are stowed in the engine room at the rear. There are two extension ladder sections (2.70 m each) that can be reached and removed via the access ladders at the rear.
The S 4000-1 was to be found in the seventies as a standard vehicle in fire stations and fire stations in cities, municipalities and large companies. It reaches a top speed of 75 km / h and has a four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine (EM 4-22) with an output of 90 hp (66.2 kW). The fire truck can be used independently and / or together with other fire engines to fight fires and remove hazards. Since the vehicle does not carry any relevant rescue equipment, it is not suitable for technical assistance .
Second version without trim
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TLF 16 (IFA W50 LA)
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Tank fire engine TLF 16 |
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| Vehicle data
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 1/5 |
| Fire pump : | FPH 22/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2000 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 500 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Perm. Total mass : | 10300 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
From 1969, the series production of the fire fighting vehicles began on the all-wheel drive W50 chassis from Ludwigsfelde . This was the new generation of fire engines on the chassis of the W50 L type, which were produced in series and replaced their predecessor, the less powerful S4000-1. The vehicle was provided with the double cabin in all-steel construction for a crew of 1: 5 (6 men). The respiratory protective devices (PA) are attached to the rear of the team cabin for the attack team and group leader, so that they can be put on quickly during the deployment. A self-protection system with a high-pressure nozzle in the middle under the front bumper can be used in particular in the event of area fires, cleaning work or deactivation work. With the addition of network water, the penetration depth can be increased accordingly.
These vehicles were also provided with a reversible jet pipe that can be pneumatically extended up to 400 mm and a large roof hatch on the relay cabin for better fire fighting. The possible applications can be rounded off by screw-on mouthpieces on the reversible jet pipe for spray mist. The control element for the reversible spray lance is located directly in the middle of the cabin under the spray lance. For better operation of the reversible jet pipe, a folding step was installed in the relay cabin, on which the firefighter has a fixed and higher stand. It is also possible to dispense water while driving. A foam spray lance (heavy or medium foam ) can be coupled to the reversible spray lance for foam delivery and can also be used during the journey depending on the use. Also are in the crew cabin
- Bucket syringe ,
- Hand fire extinguishers (CO 2 and ABC powder),
- Carry ,
- Tow bar ,
- Firefighter ax ,
- Hand lamp ,
- Compressed air breathing apparatus ,
as well as various equipment for technical assistance stowed away.
The structure was made in mixed construction (steel, wood), in which the fire-fighting equipment is located.
In the rear of the vehicle there is a permanently installed two-stage centrifugal fire extinguishing pump, which achieves a nominal delivery rate of 2200 l / min at a nominal delivery pressure of 8 bar (FPH 22/8). The centrifugal fire pump (FPH 22/8) is sunk deeper in the frame than other fire engines in order to reduce the geodetic suction height ( H s geo ) and to fill it more easily via the tank.
From 1976 onwards, these vehicles were equipped with an automatic proportioning device for mains water, light, medium or heavy foam generation. Since 1970, two automatic proportioners were attached directly to the B pressure outlets of the pump. Water or foam concentrate (1 - 5%) can be applied via the two B outlets. The automatic admixing device AZ 2/8 regulates itself automatically via the extinguishing agent flow ( H SBL ) and is fed via a pneumatically operated foaming agent pump. At the same time, the foaming agent pump can also suck in foaming agent from external containers or from the foaming agent trailer (SBA 4.5) via a C fixed coupling. It is advantageous that, thanks to the automatic admixing device, the centrifugal fire pump remains free of foaming agent and does not have to be flushed afterwards.
A rapid attack device (rubber hose) with a gun nozzle is located under the fire-fighting equipment . The water tank has a nominal volume of 2000 liters, the foam compound tank holds 500 liters. All containers are equipped with automatic pressure relief and vacuum valves. The water tank can be filled directly via a separate B pressure port, or when used as a buffer tank when pumping water over long distances.
For the NVA ( National People's Army ) these vehicles were retrofitted with balloon tires and a tire pressure control system .
In order to be able to drive through sandy soil, the tire pressure of the balloon tires can also be reduced while driving, so that the contact area is increased. With the appropriate gear reduction of the 5-speed gearbox, you can easily traverse difficult terrain with equipment and a full water tank. There were two paint finishes, fire red or olive green 2425 Chlorbuna according to TGL 21196 (similar to RAL 6003) with the corresponding emblem in the middle of the doors of the driver's cab.
The W50 L has a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with an output of 125 hp (91.9 kW) and reaches a top speed of 80 km / h.
The fire-fighting vehicle can be used independently or together with other fire-fighting vehicles for fire fighting, hazard clearance and / or technical assistance .
In the period from 1968 to 1984, 1130 copies were built in the VEB fire extinguishing equipment factory in Luckenwalde.
TLF 16 GMK series
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TLF 16 GMK tank tender |
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 0/1/5 |
| Fire pump : | FPH 22/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2200 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 500 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kg kilograms |
| Perm. Total mass : | 10300 kilograms |
| Drive: | Connectable all-wheel drive with differential lock |
From 1984 the series production of the tank fire fighting vehicles with all-metal cases (GMK) manufactured in Luckenwalde (VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Luckenwalde) on the all-wheel drive chassis of the type W50 L / A from Ludwigsfelde began . The vehicle was designed with the double cabin in all-steel construction for a crew of 1: 5 (6 men).
These vehicles were also equipped with a reversible jet pipe that can be pneumatically extended up to 400 mm for better fire fighting. In contrast to the previous model, the reversible jet lance was also equipped with a heavy foam jet lance. The shut-off device and an operating element for the reversible jet pipe are located directly in the middle of the cabin under the jet pipe. The possible uses are rounded off by screw-on mouthpieces for spray mist. For better operation of the reversible jet pipe, a foldable step was installed in the relay cabin, on which the firefighter has a fixed and higher stand. It is also possible to dispense water or foam via the reversible jet pipe while driving. Also are in the crew cabin
- Bucket syringe ,
- Hand fire extinguisher (6 kg ABC powder PG 6Hl, and 6 kg CO 2 type Apolda CO 2 6H-1),
- Carry ,
- Tow bar ,
- Firefighter ax ,
- Hyphens,
- Hand lamps , as well
- Compressed air breathing apparatus
various equipment for technical assistance stowed away. The respiratory protective devices (PA) are attached to the rear of the team cabin for the attack team and group leader, so that they can be put on quickly during the deployment. A special feature is the self-protection system under the front bumper. On the left and right in front of the tires there is now a high-pressure nozzle that can be used especially for area fires, cleaning work or deactivation work. With the addition of network water, the penetration depth can be increased accordingly. As an additional innovation at the time, a light foam generator (LSG 4/400 T) can be attached to the front of the vehicle by means of a swivel arm, which can be used, for example, for fire fighting with foam at airports, industrial plants, forest and / or wild fires.
The structure was made of all-metal construction, in which the fire-fighting equipment is protected from the weather. There are numerous innovations and additional equipment compared to the previous model. The aluminum shutters stand out for easier removal of the equipment. Among other things, the hose reel was replaced by the hose basket.
Bulky equipment, such as two ladder sections, 3 × 2 coupled A suction hoses and the standpipe , can be removed more easily from the rear than on the previous model. A rapid attack device with a C-hose and jet pipe is located in a box at the rear of the vehicle. A rapid attack device with a high-pressure hose had to be dispensed with for reasons of weight and material savings. A hydrant defrosting device (gas burner) for winter use is housed under the structure in a cylindrical container, directly next to the fuel tanks. Another new feature was the additional rotating beacon at the rear of the body, which should contribute to road safety. The engine of the fire truck can be started and switched off using a switch in the machinist's room. The centrifugal fire pump can be operated automatically or manually from the driver's seat (machine operator), even while driving. An automatic water supply and foaming agent admixture for reversible jet pipe operation can also be set from the driver's seat.
The built-in two-stage centrifugal fire pump (FPH 22/8) in the rear of the vehicle has a nominal delivery rate of 2200 l / min at a nominal delivery pressure of 8 bar at a nominal delivery head of 80 m. Mains water, light, medium or heavy foam is generated via an automatic admixing device. The two automatic proportioners (AZ 2/8) are attached directly to the B pressure outlets of the centrifugal fire pump. Water or foam concentrate (1 - 5%) can be applied via the two B outlets. The AZ 2/8 automatic proportioner regulates itself automatically via the extinguishing agent flow ( V SBL ) and is fed via a pneumatically operated foaming agent pump. The foam can be dispensed both via the reversible jet pipe and via separate foam jet pipes. At the same time, the foaming agent pump can also suck in foaming agent from external containers or from the foaming agent trailer (SBA 4.5) via a C fixed coupling. It is advantageous that, thanks to the automatic admixing device, the centrifugal fire pump remains free of foaming agent and does not have to be flushed afterwards. It is possible to deliver fire-fighting water, foam and mains water via various outlets at the same time. The water tank is now a nominal volume of 2200 l and the foam compound tank 500 l. All containers are equipped with automatic pressure relief and vacuum valves. The water tank can be filled directly via a separate B pressure port, or when used as a buffer tank when pumping water over long distances.
The SBA 4.5 (foaming agent trailer) can be carried along to expand the foam concentrate. The trailer holds a 450 liter foam compound tank and can be coupled directly to the suction nozzle for foam compound on the rear of the vehicle using a C suction hose. The two suction nozzles are connected directly to the foam pump to feed the proportioner. Here, seam formers can also be obtained from the trailer while driving in order to cover a larger area with extinguishing foam. If several modules are connected together, such as a high-expansion foam generator and a foam generator trailer, a relatively large area can be foamed with little staff. When standing, suction can also be carried out externally via the foaming agent canister.
In some cases, older superstructures of the tank fire engines (recognizable by the doors on the superstructure) were subsequently replaced by the all-metal suitcase. These vehicles can be recognized by the individual reversible jet pipe without a heavy foam jet pipe and with an all-metal case as a body.
At the end of the 1980s, the regulation for the white lacquered belly band with the fire department inscription in red followed, as well as the white lacquered front bumper, which had to be attached according to the relevant regulations. The reasons for this are the better differentiation in road traffic, which is effective through contrasting, since the fire engines very quickly merge with other red vehicles in traffic and are more difficult to see. From 1986, the vehicles from the Luckenwalde fire extinguishing equipment factory were delivered as standard with the white belly band and fire department label.
The W50 L / A reaches a top speed of 80 km / h and has a four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine with an output of 125 hp (91.9 kW). The fire-fighting vehicle can be used independently or together with other fire-fighting vehicles for fire fighting, hazard clearance and / or technical assistance .
In the period from 1984 to 1990, 635 copies were built in the VEB fire extinguishing equipment factory in Luckenwalde.
Different paint finishes of the vehicles can be seen in the pictures.
TLF 16.01 (IFA W50 LA)
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Tank tender truck TLF 16.01 |
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| Country: | GDR |
| Crew : | 0/1/5 |
| Fire pump : | FPH 22/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 2200 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 500 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Perm. Total mass : | 10300 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
In order to ensure fire protection in the numerous opencast mines and on the shooting ranges of the NVA ( National People's Army ), the production of small numbers of the TLF 16.01 tank fire-fighting vehicles with all-metal cases (GMK) on the chassis of the type W, manufactured in Luckenwalde (VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Luckenwalde) , began in 1986 50 L / A TLF 16.01-ND (low pressure tires), with specially modified transmission on an all-wheel drive chassis.
Since it was difficult to make progress with conventional technology even in the difficult terrain of the opencast mines and training areas, older vehicles such as the G5 and / or heavy, all-terrain import chassis from the USSR and the Czech Republic were still used. However, since the procurement of spare parts and high operating costs had to be covered, it was decided to build all-terrain fire engines on an IFA chassis.
The vehicle is almost identical to the TLF 16 GMK in terms of appearance and fire-fighting technology, it can only be recognized by its voluminous balloon tires and the two spades attached to the rear. In order to be able to stow or remove the spare wheel, the blind on equipment compartment G1 had to be extended downwards. A special feature is the tire pressure regulation system , which the driver can operate while driving and adjusts the internal tire pressure according to the surface. The gear reduction of the 5-speed gearbox ensures that difficult sections of the terrain can be traversed effortlessly with equipment and a full tank.
In the period from 1986 to 1987, five copies were built in the VEB fire extinguishing equipment factory in Luckenwalde.
See also
- Fire engines in the GDR
- Fire trucks in the GDR
- Turntable ladders in the GDR
- History of the fire brigade in the GDR
literature
- Frank-Hartmut Jäger: Fire Brigade Archive, IFA-Hauber from Zwickau and Werdau Verlag Technik Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-341-01242-7
- Frank-Hartmut Jäger: Fire Brigade Archive, IFA-Frontlenker from Ludwigsfelde Verlag Technik Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-341-01287-7
- Frank-Hartmut Jäger: East German fire engines 1945–1990, standard vehicles & unique items EFB-Verlag 1998, ISBN 3-88776-097-2
- Frank-Hartmut Jäger: The fire brigades of East Germany, special vehicles & rarities EFB-Verlag 1996, ISBN 3-88776-093-X
- Ralf Kunkel: GDR fire engines. 1945–1990. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-03159-3 .
- Ing.Otto Winkler: Fire brigade vehicles. State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic - Berlin 1st edition 1983
- Dipl.-Staatswiss. Ing. Ernst Hagenlocher: Devices and aggregates of the fire brigade. State Publishing House of the German Democratic Republic - Berlin 1st edition 1984
- Ing.Otto Winkler: Vehicles of the GDR fire brigades application variants. State publishing house of the German Democratic Republic - Berlin 1st edition 1983 / EFB - Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 6450 Hanau, ISBN 3-88776-010-7