Tavşan Adası (Aydın)

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Tavşan Adası
View of the island from the south
View of the island from the south
Waters Aegean , Mediterranean
Geographical location 37 ° 25 '11 "  N , 27 ° 12' 58"  E Coordinates: 37 ° 25 '11 "  N , 27 ° 12' 58"  E
Tavşan Adası (Aydın) (Turkey)
Tavşan Adası (Aydın)
length 150 m
width 90 m
Highest elevation 6.5  m
Residents uninhabited

Tavşan Adası ('Rabbit Island') is a small uninhabited island about 150 meters off the coast of Asia Minor northwest of the city of Didim , the ancient Didyma . The Aegean island belonging to the Turkish province of Aydın is about 150 meters long and 90 meters wide. It rises up to 6.5  meters above sea level .

Up to the 6th century AD, Tavşan Adası , which is today covered with thick scrub, overgrown olive trees and the edge of evergreen maquis, was connected to the mainland by a land bridge . There were two sandy bays in the north and south. In early Byzantine times, the transgression led to the formation of today's island as a result of the tectonic subsidence of the coast by about two meters.

Since 2006 there have been several archaeological excavation campaigns on Tavşan Adası as part of the Didyma project of the headquarters of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI). The excavations focused on the south and east sides of the island.

history

According to findings from the archaeological excavations from 2006 to 2011 , shards that were roughly leaned with chaff , burned in a reducing manner and provided with a red coating indicate a settlement of Tavşan Adası in the Copper Age or the Early Bronze Age in the 3rd millennium BC. Chr. The radicals three smaller einräumiger buildings in northern island, which were built in the terraced slope, locally embossed ceramic with Anatolian and southern and eastern Aegean influences contained ( Early Cycladic II / III and frühminoisch II / III ).

In the south of the island there are building remains of a craftsman's quarter, which were apparently arranged around paved courtyards and were built between 2000 and 1700 BC. BC originated. The finds discovered here, such as shards of Kamares , cups, bowls and cookware, a ceramic oven of the Cretan type, Minoan loom weights , spindle whorls , purple snails and a stone mold of the Minoan type for the production of a double ax ( labrys ), support the assumption that Tavşan Adası was on was a Minoan settlement in the period MM IB / II of the old palace period of Crete .

Amygdaloid Cretomino rock crystal seal with a finely incised sailing ship (above) and imprint (below), excavation find from 2008

Further Minoan finds come from the following periods MM III and SM IA of the Cretan New Palace period . They were located in a 15.5 × 15 meter, formerly two-storey building complex with long rectangular rooms in the east of the island, which was most likely caused by the tidal wave of a tsunami as a result of the volcanic eruption on Thēra around 1613 BC. Was destroyed. The finds, regional "Minoan" and imported goods, are an amygdaloid Cretan rock crystal seal with an incised sailing ship, remains of vessels with characters incised before burning, mostly in linear A , Cretan weights made of lead and stone, copper bars, lead bars, bronze chisels and - Awl , a stone anvil , a stone mold for making flat axes and ingots, Cycladic obsidian and marble . The finds from Tavşan Adası imply an important trading and transshipment point at this point on the coast of Asia Minor in Minoan times.

Also in the east of Tavşan Adası there were a few ancient fragments, mainly from the archaic period, as well as the upper half of an archaic two-handled vessel from 750 to 500 BC. At the eastern edge of the island, a wall remnant with a pit was uncovered, in which there were fragments of birds ' shells , black varnish and ficellural goods . The remains of a shipwreck at a depth of seven meters about 250 meters southwest of the island also date from ancient times. The approach to the two sandy bays in the north and south of Tavşan Adası offered ancient seafarers protection at night and in storms.

The remains of a one- room church in the east of Tavşan Adası with a southern entrance, an apse and a small room adjoining to the north date from late antique and early Byzantine times . It was apparently destroyed by an earthquake. Architectural fragments made of marble, a bronze lamp chain, roof tiles and fragments of typical pottery were found here. An early Byzantine well that was uncovered in 2007 now carries sea water. This forms a terminus post quem for the sagging of the coast by about two meters as a result of an earthquake in the 6th century and thus the formation of the island, which was previously connected to the mainland by a land bridge.

Tavşan Adası: excavations of the DAI and the University of Halle-Wittenberg

Ottoman silver coins from the time of Suleyman I found in the north-east in 2008 are not considered by archaeologists to indicate settlement activities in the 16th century.

Research history

The excavations of the German Archaeological Institute on Tavşan Adası are carried out as part of the Didyma project. They began in 2006 after the first systematic inspection of the island had taken place in September 2005. A total of six excavation campaigns have been carried out so far under the project management of François Bertemes from the University of Halle-Wittenberg . In 2012 a campaign to process the excavation material took place.

literature

  • François Bertemes : Tavşan Adası. The Thera-Event and its impact on the Minoan communication network. In: Harald Meller, François Bertemens, Hans-Rudolf Bork , Roberto Risch (eds.): 1600 - Cultural upheaval in the shadow of the Thera outbreak? State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology in Saxony-Anhalt, State Museum for Prehistory, Halle 2013, ISBN 978-3-944507-01-9 , pp. 191–210.
  • François Bertemes: Tavşan Adası - a Minoan port settlement north of Didyma . In: Jürgen Seeher (Ed.): DAI Istanbul 9/2011 . German Archaeological Institute, Istanbul September 2011, p. 9 ( online ( memento of March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), PDF file, 1.50 MB [accessed on February 3, 2012]).
  • DAI - Istanbul . Annual report 2009 of the DAI. In: AA 2010/1, supplement . German Archaeological Institute, Berlin 2010, p. 193-194 .
  • François Bertemes, Karin Hornung-Bertemes: Minoans in Didyma . A seal and its history. In: Ralph Einicke, Stephan Lehmann, Henryk Löhr, Gundula Mehnert, Andreas Mehnert, Anja Slawisch (ed.): Back to the subject . Festschrift for Andreas E. Furtwängler (=  writings of the Center for Archeology and Cultural History of the Black Sea Region ). tape 16 . Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-16-9 , pp. 169-194 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ François Bertemes: Tavşan Adası. The Thera-Event and its impact on the Minoan communication network . In: Harald Meller, François Bertemes, Hans-Rudolf Bork, Roberto Risch (eds.): 1600 - Cultural upheaval in the shadow of the Thera outbreak? State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology in Saxony-Anhalt, State Museum for Prehistory, Halle (Saale) 2013, ISBN 978-3-944507-01-9 , Tavşan Adası - a "Minoan" port in the East Aegean ?, p. 196 .
  2. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 7. Tavşan Adası 1 (TA1). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 2, 2012 .
  3. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 6. Tavşan Adası 2 (TA2). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 2, 2012 .
  4. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 5. Tavşan Adası 3 (TA3). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 2, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Campaign 2009: The excavations of 2009 in the context of the results obtained so far. 3). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 4, 2012 .
  6. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 4. Tavşan Adası 4 (TA4). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 2, 2012 .
  7. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 3. Tavşan Adası 5 (TA5). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .
  8. ^ Campaign 2007: The excavations of 2007 in the context of the results obtained so far. 2. Tavşan Adası (TA5). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .
  9. ^ Campaign 2011: The excavations of 2011 in the context of the results obtained so far. 2. Tavşan Adası 6 (TA6). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .
  10. ^ Campaign 2010: The excavations of 2010 in the context of the results obtained so far. 2. Tavşan Adası 6 (TA6). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .
  11. ^ Campaign 2008: The excavations of the year 2008 in the context of the results obtained so far. 1. Tavşan Adası 7 (TA7). In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .
  12. ^ Campaign 2005: First ascent of the island in 2005. In: Tavşan Adası: Archaeological investigations of the island of Tavşan Adası on the west coast of Turkey. www.minoer.uni-halle.de, January 24, 2012, accessed on February 3, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Tavşan Adası  - collection of images, videos and audio files