Teti I.

Name of Teti I.
Cartridge name Teti in the Abydos list
Proper name	Teti Ttj
Royal Papyrus Turin (No. II./12)	Iti Jtj (with the name ideogram for a king who represents the Horus falcon)
List of kings of Abydos (Seti I) (No.2)	Teti Ttj
Greek Manetho variants:	Africanus : Athothis Eusebius : Athothis Eusebius, AV : Athothis

Teti I (also Atothis, Atoti, Iteti ) is the name of an ancient Egyptian king ( Pharaoh ) of the 1st Dynasty ( early Dynasty ), written in a cartouche , who lived around 2980 BC. Between the kings Aha and Djer .

There is no contemporary evidence of the ruler and his historical figure is discussed differently in Egyptology .

Problem

In the royal list of Seti I in Abydos and in the Turin Royal Papyrus, the cartouche names Meni (Menes) , Teti , Iteti (Djer) and Ita (Wadji) appear at the very beginning of the royal lists of names . These are the - probably strongly distorted - maiden names of the first four early dynastic rulers of Egypt. The assignment of these first four names to the early kings is particularly problematic for Egyptology, since the king names were actually only passed down as Horus names in this epoch .

In 1985 a clay seal was found in Umm el-Qaab near Abydos that lists all Horus names from King Narmer to King Wadji , but not the name Teti .

Stone vessels and clay seals from Queen Meritneith's grave , which usually list all Horus names, do not have a ruler named "Teti". Even later stone vessels from the time of King Qaa that all predecessors since King Den at their Nesut-biti domain name call, nothing have, suggesting a source of names for "Teti".

Attempts at interpretation

Modern research has a strong tendency to equate Teti I with King Aha. The thesis is based on the Cairo stone , which reserves the third known cartouche name, Iteti , for King Djer. Since Aha was the direct predecessor of Djer, some Egyptologists assign the name "Teti" to King Aha.

However, these statements are not uncontested. The Egyptologists Werner Kaiser and Günter Dreyer have suggested that Teti I may be identical to Queen Neithhotep . It is assumed that this queen, as an independent regent, took over the leadership of the state for her nephew, King Djer, as he was still a minor and thus too young for the royal office. This assumption is supported by the entry of the name "Teti" in the Turin royal papyrus , according to which Teti I ruled for only 1 year and 45 days.

Still other Egyptologists, such as B. Wolfgang Helck and Kurt Sethe , see Teti I as an only short-term ruler who, according to information on the Palermostein , must have ruled between King Aha and Djer. This assumption is based on the fact that on the Palermostein in the first (and thus topmost) event line, which presents King Aha's death date and Jers reign, two death dates are entered instead of one, as is usual. The time span between the two calendar entries is 1 year, 1 month and 15 days and could refer to Teti I., who did not receive an entry because one or two “year windows” would simply not have been enough to write out Teti's full name bandarole . In addition, with only two annual windows there was nothing that the Palermostein could have reported.

See also

• List of pharaohs
• Annal stone of the 5th dynasty

literature

• Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbook of the Egyptian king names. In: Münchener Ägyptologische Studien 20, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-422-00832-2 .
• Peter A. Clayton: The Pharaohs. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1994, ISBN 3-8289-0661-3 .
• Wolfgang Helck : Investigations on the Thinite Age (= Ägyptologische Abhandlungen. (ÄA) Vol. 45). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02677-4 .
• Jochem Kahl : Inscriptional Evidence for the Relative Chronology of Dyn. 0-2. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 94-115 ( online ).
• Werner Kaiser : On the seal with the early royal names of Umm el-Qaab. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. (MDAIK) No. 43, von Zabern, Mainz 1987, pp. 115-121.
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 .

Remarks

1. ↑ The proper name, as it is introduced from the 4th dynasty with "Sa Ra", does not yet exist at this time, which is why the transfer to proper name (Pharaoh) is basically problematic. The formulation proper name is based on Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbuch der Ägyptischen Könignames .
2. ↑ A translation of the proper name cannot be found in specialist publications.
3. ↑ In the original, the last hieroglyph is barely legible.
4. ↑ Term of office: 57 years.
5. ↑ ^{a b Length of} government: 27 years.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alan H. Gardiner: The royal canon of Turin . Griffith Institute, Oxford 1997, ISBN 0-900416-48-3 , illustration 1.
2. ↑ Years after Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 .
3. ^ W. Kaiser: On the seal with early royal names of Umm el-Qaab. In: MDIAK 43, 1987 , pp. 115-121.
4. ^ IES Edwards et al. a. (Ed.): The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC (= Cambridge Ancient History. (CAH) 3,1). 3rd edition, 1970, pp. 22 & 23.
5. ^ Jan-Phillipe Lauer: Evolution de la tombe royale égyptienne jusqu'à la pyramid à degrés. In: MDAIK 15 , edition 1957, p. 52.
6. ^ W. Kaiser: On the seal with early royal names of Umm el-Qaab. In: MDAIK 43, 1987, pp. 119-121.
7. ^ Günter Dreyer: Umm el-Qaab: Follow-up examinations in the early royal cemetery. 3rd / 4th Preliminary report. In: MDAIK 46 , edition 1990, pp. 71-74.
8. ↑ Wolfgang Helck : Investigations on the Thinitenzeit Wiesbaden 1987, p. 124.

predecessor	Office	successor
Aha	King of Egypt 1st Dynasty	Djer