Tetrabromobisphenol A

Structural formula
General
Surname	Tetrabromobisphenol A
other names	2,2 ', 6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol 2,2 ', 6,6'-tetrabromobisphenol A 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane 4,4′-isopropylidenebis (2,6-dibromophenol) TBBPA TBBP-A TBBA
Molecular formula	C 15 H 12 Br 4 O 2
Brief description	colorless solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 79-94-7 EC number 201-236-9 ECHA InfoCard 100.001.125 PubChem 6618 ChemSpider 6366 Wikidata Q425246
properties
Molar mass	543.88 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	2.12 g cm −3 (20 ° C)
Melting point	178 ° C
boiling point	from 250 ° C decomposition
solubility	almost insoluble in water (0.24 mg l −1 at 25 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary Caution H and P phrases H: 410 P: 273-501
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Tetrabromobisphenol A ( TBBPA ) is a flame retardant , i.e. a substance that is contained in some plastics . In particular, this ensures that a local source of fire can develop more slowly into an apartment or building fire. People present in the building have more time to get to safety.

Extraction and presentation

TBBPA is a derivative of bisphenol A and is made from it.

use

TBBPA can be used as a reactive and as an additive flame retardant. In the reactive application it is chemically converted into polymers , e.g. B. in epoxy and polycarbonate resins bound. The main field of application of this technique is the manufacture of printed circuit boards that are built into electronic devices. As an additive flame retardant (admixture without chemical reaction), TBBPA is used in plastics such as ABS . These are used, among other things, for the construction of housings for electrical devices, e.g. B. TV sets, electrical installation, plug-in power supplies. Annual consumption worldwide in 2001 was estimated at 119,600 tons, of which around 11,600 tons were used by European industry. In electronic waste in 2003 and 2011 studies conducted average concentrations of 1.4 g / kg was or 0.6 g / kg found, confirming the widespread use of TBBPA in electrical equipment. Since only additively added, but not reactively bound TBBPA could be measured, the effective use of this flame retardant should be significantly higher.

Environmental relevance

TBBPA can enter the environment through various processes and occurs in trace concentrations in environmental compartments such as air, water, soil and river sediments . It is also found in sewage sludge and house dust . However, the concentrations are lower than those of other flame retardants. In a study carried out by the WWF , TBBPA was also found in the blood of MEPs. A detailed risk assessment within the framework of the EU Existing Substances Regulation 793/93 / EEC has evaluated these findings and found no health risk for tetrabromobisphenol A.

Risk assessment

The substance is potentially carcinogenic.

TBBPA was subjected to an eight-year EU risk assessment during which more than 460 studies were evaluated. The results of the risk assessment were published in the EU Official Journal in June 2008.

Tetrabromobisphenol A was included by the EU in 2015 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) in the context of substance evaluation in the Community's ongoing action plan ( CoRAP ). The effects of the substance on human health and the environment are re-evaluated and, if necessary, follow-up measures are initiated. The reasons for the uptake of tetrabromobisphenol A were concerns regarding consumer use , environmental exposure, exposure of workers , high (aggregated) tonnage and widespread use, as well as the dangers arising from a possible assignment to the group of PBT / vPvB substances, the possible risk of reproductive toxicity Properties as well as a potential endocrine disruptor . The re-evaluation has been running since 2015 and is carried out by Denmark . In order to be able to reach a final assessment, further information was requested.

literature

• TBBPA-Factsheet ( Memento of March 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 703 kB), October 2012 edition (English)
• Environmental aspects ( Memento of March 13, 2006 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Entry on 3,3 ′, 5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ Entry on 2,2 ', 6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can use the harmonized classification and labeling expand .
3. ↑ Bromine Science and Environmental Forum (2003): Major Brominated Flame Retardants Volume Estimates - Total Market Demand By Region in 2001 ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Word ; 87 kB) 
4. ^ Leo S. Morf, Josef Tremp, Rolf Gloor, Yvonne Huber, Markus Stengele, Markus Zennegg: Brominated Flame Retardants in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Substance Flows in a Recycling Plant. In: Environmental Science & Technology . 39 (22), 2005, pp. 8691-8699, doi : 10.1021 / es051170k .
5. ^ Ruedi Taverna, Rolf Gloor, Urs Maier, Markus Zennegg, Renato Figi, Edy Birchler: Material flows in Swiss electronic waste . Metals, non-metals, flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in small electrical and electronic devices . Federal Office for the Environment , Bern 2017. Environmental status No. 1717: 164 p.
6. ^ Kuch B., Körner W., Hagenmaier H. (2001): Monitoring of brominated flame retardants in rivers, sewage and sewage sludge in Baden-Württemberg ( Memento from December 29, 2003 in the Internet Archive ). Environment and Health, University of Tübingen.
7. ↑ WWF Detox Campaign (2004): Bad Blood? A Survey of Chemicals in the Blood of European Ministers .
8. ↑ Registration dossier on 2,2 ', 6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol ( GHS section ) at the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on November 1, 2018.
9. ^ Entry in the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment , accessed on November 1, 2018.
10. ↑ Results of the risk evaluation and the risk reduction strategies for the substances: sodium chromate, sodium dichromate and 2,2 ', 6,6'-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (tetrabromobisphenol A) (PDF; 145 kB). In: Official Journal of the European Union, June 18, 2008.
11. ↑ Community rolling action plan ( CoRAP ) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): 2,2,6,6-tetrabromo-4,4-isopropylidenediphenol , accessed on March 26, 2019.