Evonik Goldschmidt
| Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
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|---|---|
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| legal form | GmbH |
| founding | December 10, 1847 |
| Seat | eat |
| sales | approx. EUR 600 million |
| Branch | Specialty chemistry |
| Website | www.goldschmidt.com |
The Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH , a subsidiary of Evonik Industries AG, was an international chemical company with a focus on specialty chemicals such as additives and intermediates especially for release coatings, stabilizers and emulsifiers . The company based in Essen was one of the largest industrial companies in the city of Essen.
history
On December 10, 1847, Theodor Goldschmidt founded the “Chemische Fabrik Theodor Goldschmidt” in Berlin in the Köpenicker Straße immediately adjacent to the textile factory “ Kattun -Druckerei R. Goldschmidt and Sons” which were run by the two uncles Karl and Eduard Goldschmidt. Initially, the uncles' factory was also the largest customer for the products of the "Chemical Factory Theodor Goldschmidt", mainly preliminary products for the textile industry , such as preparatory salt , tin salt and chlorinated lime .
In 1849 Theodor Goldschmidt moved his work to the Planufer, a section of the Landwehr Canal, for reasons of space . The ever closer renovation with residential buildings prevented a greater expansion of the company, so the number of employees remained low with a maximum of 15 employees. Theodor Goldschmidt died on January 4, 1875, leaving the company to their underage sons Karl and Hans Goldschmidt , who showed interest in maintaining the company. The company was managed in trust by Karl Reimer for a short time in 1875 and then by the chemist Otto Kersten , fiancé of Karoline Goldschmidt, until Karl Goldschmidt took over the management as a doctor of chemistry in 1882. Kersten left the company, and when Hans Goldschmidt joined the company, the two brothers managed it for 30 years. In 1923 Theo Goldschmidt took over the chairmanship of the board from his father Karl, which he remained until 1958.
With the growing importance of tin cans made of tinplate with a tin coating, the Goldschmidt brothers took advantage of a gap in the market. The resulting waste was undesirable and the tinplate made it impossible to use the tinplate for the steel industry . The brothers were the first to succeed in developing an industrial process for the electrolytic detinning of tinplate, which became a very profitable process for the recovery of the then precious raw material tin .
The tinplate detinning became so large that the location on the bank of the plan became too small for larger operations. Searched a new, conveniently located village, while the choice fell on the emerging Ruhr area , with proximity to the textile industry as a buyer of tin products and steel industry, which the leftover from the detinning black plate acquired. Within a few years the number of employees rose to 200, and new detinning processes such as chlorine detinning were developed. In 1908 further tinplate detinning was established in Great Britain and the USA and worldwide purchases of tinplate were organized. This made Goldschmidt a leader in the world market.
After the First World War, the detinning business could not hold up and was shut down. At that time, Hans Goldschmidt recorded with his 1895 patented thermite - welding procedures for complete welding of road and railroad tracks success. This procedure, which is based on aluminothermic processes, has been in use since then.
Tinplate detinning and the thermite process formed the entrepreneurial basis of the company. As the number of employees grew, new social benefits were introduced: A company health insurance fund and a pension fund were established, and a rest home for employees, the Niederbredenscheidt house in Hattingen , was built.
Due to increased activities abroad and larger investments, the company was converted into Th. Goldschmidt AG in 1911 .
After the First World War, the Goldschmidt company had to reorient itself, as markets and raw material supplies were lost and naming rights and patents were declared null and void. From 1920 Goldschmidt developed products for plain bearing technology and anti-corrosion paints, glue films for laminated wood processing based on synthetic resins and, through the work of Friedrich Bergius, the first emulsifiers that laid the foundation for Degussa's “Care Specialties” division . During the Second World War, Th. Goldschmidt AG held shares in Degesch and Orgacid GmbH , which produced Zyklon B and mustard gas, respectively .
After the destruction in the Second World War, the headquarters in Essen was rebuilt and experienced a great boom , especially due to the currency reform . In addition to the products from the pre-war period, new developments based on amphoteric surfactants were promoted , which held a top position on the market until the 1990s.
In the 1950s, silicone research at Goldschmidt established the basis for Evonik's Consumer Specialties Business Unit today. The first simple silicones were created in 1955, and the first polyurethane foam stabilizers in 1961, which are still the core business of Goldschmidt GmbH today.
In 1999 Goldschmidt was split up: the previous Goldschmidt AG was taken over by Evonik, while the business with the Thermit process was spun off into Goldschmidt Thermit GmbH , which inherited the descendants of the founders through asset management Dr. Karl Goldschmidt GmbH, Essen, took over. This company was relocated to Leipzig in 2004 . The company, last run as Goldschmidt GmbH, was fully integrated into the Evonik Group in 2013. However, the Essen-Goldschmidtstrasse location still exists.
Products
Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH did not manufacture end products for the consumer, but specialty chemicals for the cosmetic or chemical industry which, as additives, give end products the desired properties.
- Stabilizers
The stabilizers from Goldschmidt GmbH were used in polyurethane (PU) foams, for. B. to give upholstery and mattresses the necessary strength and flexibility. Further areas of application for the PU stabilizers were the automotive industry (steering wheels, interior fittings) and the construction industry ( construction foams ).
- Emulsifiers
Goldschmidt has been producing emulsifiers for the cosmetic industry since 1927 in order to be able to mix the basic ingredients oil and water.
- Release coatings
These were used for adhesive films. Carrier materials for adhesive films were coated with UV - cured silicone-modified acrylates so that they could be peeled off and stuck on elsewhere.
- Betaines
To the skin compatibility of cleaning by aggressive anionic detergent surfactants to increase, this will Betaine was added. These have u. a. a moisturizing effect and have been manufactured by Goldschmidt since 1966.
- Additives
As polymeric dispersants, plastic additives ensure optimal pigment distribution in plastics. Lacquer additives serve as defoamers in aqueous lacquer and coating systems, since these systems tend to produce excessive foam during production, which is undesirable on the end product.
literature
- Ralf Peters, Anette Zehnter: Overcoming boundaries. 150 years of Th. Goldschmidt . Edited by Th. Goldschmidt GmbH, Essen, 1997. ISBN 3-89355-158-1
- Bastian Blachut: "Aryanization" as a business principle? : the monopoly of the German detinning market between 1933 and 1939 by Th. Goldschmidt AG in Essen. Essen: Klartext , 2012 ISBN 978-3-8375-0666-2
Web links
- Evonik Industries , Goldschmidtstrasse, Essen-Ostviertel
- Documents and newspaper articles on Evonik Goldschmidt in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Shoa: Zyklon B (accessed March 6, 2007)
- ↑ Poison gas: particularly sensitive . In: Der Spiegel . No. 40 , 1990 ( online - Oct. 1, 1990 ).
- ↑ About us , Goldschmidt Thermit Group
- ^ History , Goldschmidt Thermit Group
- ↑ Janet Lindgens: The name Goldschmidt is history . ( derwesten.de [accessed on July 5, 2018]).
Coordinates: 51 ° 27 '50.4 " N , 7 ° 1' 12.1" E