Thallium (III) oxide

Crystal structure
General
Surname	Thallium (III) oxide
other names	Dithallium trioxide
Ratio formula	Tl 2 O 3
Brief description	brown to black solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	215-229-3
ECHA InfoCard	100,013,846
PubChem	3579754
Wikidata	Q419381
properties
Molar mass	456.76 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	10.11 g cm −3
Melting point	717 ° C
boiling point	875 ° C
solubility	almost insoluble in water
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 300-330-373-411
	P: 260-264-273-284-301 + 310-310
Toxicological data	44 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Thallium (III) oxide is a chemical compound from the group of oxides of thallium .

Occurrence

Thallium (III) oxide occurs naturally in the form of the very rare mineral avicennite .

Extraction and presentation

Thallium (III) oxide can be obtained by reacting thallium (I) nitrate with potassium hydroxide and chlorine , whereby the red-brown thallium (III) oxide hydrate with the approximate composition Tl ₂ O ₃ · 1.47 H ₂ O is formed, which can be converted into the anhydrous form by vacuum desiccation .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ TlNO_ {3} +6 \ KOH + 2 \ Cl_ {2} \ longrightarrow Tl_ {2} O_ {3} +2 \ KNO_ {3} +4 \ KCl + 3 \ H_ {2 } O}}

properties

Thallium (III) oxide is a brown to black (depending on the presentation conditions) solid that is insoluble in water. It has a defect structure of calcium fluoride type ( a = 10.543 Å). Above 500 ° C and 65 kBar it takes on a crystal structure of the corundum type. In contrast to the "isoelectronic" lead (IV) oxide , thallium (III) oxide is only a moderate oxidizing agent and only decomposes to thallium (I) oxide and oxygen at high temperatures .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 884.
↑ ^a ^b EPA: Toxicological Review of Thallium and Compounds (PDF; 1.1 MB)
↑ ^a ^b ^c data sheet Thallium (III) oxide, 99.99% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 1, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry thallium compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA ), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ Mineral Atlas: Avicennit
^ ^A ^b Anthony John Downs: Chemistry of aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium , p. 286; ISBN 978-0751401035
↑ Peter Paetzold; Chemie, p. 205; ISBN 978-3110202687

[brauer-1] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 884.

[EPA-2] EPA: Toxicological Review of Thallium and Compounds (PDF; 1.1 MB)

[Sigma-3] ta sheet Thallium (III) oxide, 99.99% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 1, 2019 ( PDF ).

[CLP_100.240.787-4] Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry thallium compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA ), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Mineral Atlas: Avicennit

[DownsChem-6] A ^b Anthony John Downs: Chemistry of aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium , p. 286; ISBN 978-0751401035

[7] Peter Paetzold; Chemie, p. 205; ISBN 978-3110202687