The Vyne
The Vyne is a manor house from the Tudor period near the town of Basingstoke in the English county of Hampshire . The mansion, classified as a Grade I cultural monument, is considered one of the most important houses in Hampshire and is best known for the portico , staircase and chapel.
location
The Vyne is about 2.5 kilometers north of the town of Basingstoke near the hamlet of Sherborne St John . From there it can be reached via Vyne Road towards Bramley .
History and building history
The Vyne is mentioned in 1362 as the mansion of the Fyffhide family . In 1386 it came into the possession of the Sandys family , who laid out a deer park in the northeast of what is now the park. The current mansion was built between 1518 and 1527 in the Tudor style, the construction time is also given around 1520. The builder was William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys , who was raised to baron in 1523 and from 1526 Lord Chamberlain of the Household of King Henry VIII . One of his descendants, the sixth Lord Sandys, sold the property to Chaloner Chute in 1653 . Chute became Speaker of the House of Commons on January 27, 1659 , but died on April 15, 1659. He is buried in the chapel. Chute had large parts of the Tudor building demolished and the portico added to the northwest facade. One of his descendants, John Chaloner Chute († 1776), had the house partially redesigned in the 18th century, as did William Lyde Wiggett-Chute (1827–1879) in the 19th century. The last Baron Chute of the Vyne, Sir Charles Lennard Chute (1879-1956), and Lady Chute bequeathed the property to the National Trust in 1956 .
Exterior and portico
The two-storey building with two side wings and two three-storey corner towers is made of unplastered brickwork with a blue diamond pattern, with corner cuboids on the risalits . The building is designed with three wings in an E-shape, with the chapel adjoining the north wing. The model for the system was probably Barrington Court in Somerset . It was originally even larger, the parts that are visible today, with the exception of the portico, are still the original walls from the Tudor period. The portico on the park side, it consists of two columns in the middle and pillars on the outside, all designed according to the Corinthian order , is an ingredient of the 17th century, built around 1655. The portico was designed by John Webb , a student of Inigo Jones . Model for the portico was the Villa Barbaro by Andrea Palladio . The portico was the first ever on a private house in England. It is bricked and plastered, the final architrave and the entablature of the triangular gable are made of wood. The Palladian portico contrasts with the Tudor style building.
Interior
The actual entrance to the building is in the south wing on the west side. After the vestibule there is the so-called Stone Gallery , it contains a medallion depicting the Roman Emperor Probus , undoubtedly a work by Giovanni da Maiano , created around 1521. Da Maiano did similar work for Hampton Court Palace .
The other three rooms in the basement, including the Drawing Room in the north wing, have rococo ceilings from the 18th century. The stairwell is of particular interest, it is considered to be full of Georgian elegance and downright sensational . It is a construction around a gallery of columns under a coffered ceiling. The architect was the house owner John Chaloner Chute himself, he was friends with Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford . This one, Walpole, called the stairwell - in the best sense - "theatrical". This effect was created by the chiaroscuro style of chiaroscuro , where spatial constriction and light sources create a perspective impression. John Chute's architecture became the model for parts of Walpole's Strawberry Hill . The room that Walpole used for his stays at The Vyne was called the Strawberry Parlor .
The ground floor also contains the Print Room and the Dining Room .
On the upper floor, the Long Gallery, over 20 m long, extends over the entire west side, which, according to the architectural historian Mark Girouard, is said to be the oldest of its kind in England. It still contains the original paneling with over four hundred carved oak panels. It can be dated between 1522 and 1528 because of two features. The carvings include the London Bishop crest Cuthbert Tunstall , he was so in 1522, so the paneling can not be older. On the other hand, there is also a depiction of the coat of arms of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey , which fell out of favor with Henry VIII in 1528, after which no one would have dared to attach an emblem of his, so that 1528 is terminus ante quem .
In addition to the former private rooms, the upper floor contains the library and the tapestry room .
chapel
The house chapel on the north wing is one of the best equipped private chapels in England. It is polygonal, the windows contain stained glass of Flemish provenance from the Renaissance . The attached neo-Gothic chapel contains the tomb Chaloner Chutes, a work by Thomas Carter , executed between 1775 and 1781. Chute is depicted in the official costume of the speaker, the figure is considered to be one of the best of its kind in 18th century England.
Outdoor areas, gardens and park
The property still includes more than 450 hectares of land, most of which consist of agricultural land. The park and gardens have been redesigned several times. The medieval game park was later used for agriculture, the formal gardens laid out in the 16th and 17th centuries were converted into a landscape park in the 18th century .
The main access to the manor is now via the southeast side. To the northeast of the manor house are the stables, some of which date from the 16th and 17th centuries and were given their current appearance in the 19th century.
garden
The approximately 10 hectare garden extends west, north and northeast of the house. In front of the northwest facade, a lawn extends to the elongated lake. An iron bridge over the lake, built in the 19th century on the foundations of an older bridge, was destroyed by a storm in 1986 and has not yet been restored. To the west of the house are herbaceous beds that were laid out in 1960, followed by a wild garden created around 1910 by Charles Chute based on the principles of near-natural planting by William Robinson . A flower garden surrounded by yew hedges extends northwest of the house, which was restored to its shape from around 1910 in 1997-98 with cut yew hedges, boxwood edging and herbaceous beds. Two brick summer houses were built here in the 17th century, one of which has been preserved. The two-story, domed building on a cruciform floor plan was designed by John Webb and was originally richly decorated with stucco and paintings. It served as a summer house, but was later used as a dovecote. Next to the summer house is the Hundred Guinea Oak , presumably over 600 years old , for whose wood, according to the family tradition, a timber merchant William John Chute is said to have offered 100 guineas . An approximately 100 m long avenue of lime trees, planted around 1880, leads from the summer house to the walled kitchen garden with fruit trees and a lavishly restored historic glass house, which was already mentioned in the 18th century .
park
The game park, named in the 14th century, was converted into arable land in the 17th century; a park was only preserved to the west of the house. Today's 35 hectare landscape park was created in the 18th century and extends south and northwest of the house. Many old trees were uprooted by storms in 1987 and 1991, but the park still contains some exotic trees.
To the west of the house, the park turns into the 55 hectare Morgaston Wood , through which several paths lead.
literature
- Nikolaus Pevsner , David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967. ( The Buildings of England. BE32).
- Peter Sager: South England. From Kent to Cornwall. Architecture and landscape, literature and history. 5th edition, DuMont, Cologne 1981 ISBN 3-7701-0744-6 . ( DuMont art travel guide ).
- Maurice Howard: The Vyne. A Tudor house revealed. The National Trust, London 2003, ISBN 0-7078-0317-9 .
Web links
- Virtual tour of The Vyne at the National Trust , English, 7:52 minutes
- English Heritage List: Building History and Building Description
Individual evidence
- ^ The National Heritage List: The Vyne. Retrieved January 19, 2012 .
- ^ A b Nikolaus Pevsner, David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967, p. 634.
- ^ A b Peter Sager: South England. 5th edition Cologne 1981, p. 138.
- ↑ The Chute family history , p. 3 ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 21, 2012.
- ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967, p. 635.
- ^ A b c Nikolaus Pevsner, David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967, p. 636.
- ^ Peter Sager: South England. 5th edition Cologne 1981, p. 139.
- ^ Mark Girouard: Life in the English Country House. A Social and Architectural History. Yale University Press, New Haven / London 1984, ISBN 0-300-02273-5 , p. 99 (Fig. 54), p. 101. Preview in Google Book Search
- ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967, p. 638.
- ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, David LLoyd: Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex 1967, p. 639.
- ^ National Trusts: The Vyne Gardens. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 9, 2013 ; Retrieved January 20, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 '24 .9 " N , 1 ° 5' 18.9" W.