Theodor Pool
Theodor Johann Pool (born November 26th July / December 8th 1890 greg. In Tori , Pärnu district , † August 25, 1942 in Sverdlovsk , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Soviet Union ) was an Estonian politician.
Early years
Theodor Pool was born as the son of the farmers Mart and Julie Elise Katarina Pool in what is now West Estonia.
He graduated from high school in Pärnu in 1909 . He then studied agricultural science at the Polytechnic in the Livonian capital Riga until 1914 . During his studies he often traveled to Finland as well as West Estonia and the Estonian Islands for study visits.
In 1914/15 he headed the agricultural school in Vahi . In 1915 he became an agronomist in Pärnu County. He then served as a chemist in the tsarist army during the First World War . After the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the proclamation of the independent Republic of Estonia a year later, Pool was chairman of the district government of Pärnu in 1918/19 before he switched to active state politics. After the First World War, Estonia was still largely an agricultural state .
politics
Pool joined the Estonian Labor Party ( Eesti Tööerakond ) under its chairman Otto Strandman . The Estonian Labor Party particularly addressed the Estonian middle class. Their following included civil servants and state employees, teachers, craftsmen and tradespeople, but also numerous small farmers. The party wanted to improve the economic situation, especially of the middle income groups, through social reforms.
1919 pool was in the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Estonia ( Asutav Kogu ) selected . He then belongs to the first four legislative periods of the Estonian Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) of the interwar period .
Pool was multiple Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Estonia between 1919 and 1921; he belonged to a total of four Estonian cabinets. During his time as Minister of Agriculture, the radical land reform in Estonia was passed and implemented in parliament in October 1919 . Much of it was in Pool's handwriting. The reform expropriated the Baltic German property and distributed the land to small Estonian farmers. The measures created the basis for a strong peasant class in Estonia during the interwar period.
| cabinet | Department | Term of office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strandman I | Minister of Agriculture and Food | May 9, 1919 - November 18, 1919 | ETE |
| Tõnisson I | Minister of Agriculture | 11/18/1919 - 07/28/1920 | ETE |
| Birk I. | Minister of Agriculture | 07/28/1920 - 07/30/1920 | ETE |
| Piip I | Minister of Agriculture | 10/27/1920 - 01/25/1921 | ETE |
Agricultural expert
From 1925 to 1928 Pool was an advisor to the small agrarian party Asunikkude, Riigirentnikkude ja Talupidajate Põllumajandusliit ("Agrarian Association of Settlers, State Tenants and Farmers"). From 1929 to 1932 he worked as an independent scientific advisor on agricultural issues. From 1932 to 1940 Pool was a member of the Estonian Chamber of Agriculture ( Põllutöökoda ). From 1935 to 1938 he was a member of the State Economic Council ( Riigi Majandusnõukogu ). In 1939/40 he taught agricultural rationalization at the University of Tartu .
Pool was active in several agricultural associations and clubs throughout his life. He founded the "Estonian breeders association for Dutch-Frisian cattle", of which he was chairman from 1920 to 1941. From 1929 to 1940 Pool was chairman of the "Estonian Association for the Development of Meadows and Pastures".
Pool founded the agricultural magazine Uus Talu ("The New Farm") and was its editor-in-chief. He has written numerous articles on agricultural topics.
Pool contributed significantly to industrial phosphorite mining in Estonia. For some time he was Executive Director of OÜ Vosvoriit .
Piistaoja talu
In 1925, Pool moved to his parents' farm, Piistaoja talu, in the rural community of Tori . He expanded the estate into a model farm that won numerous innovation awards. Among other things, Pool introduced the milking machine and the electric fence in Estonia.
Today there is a research institute for cattle production as well as a small museum dedicated to the life and work of Theodor Pool. It reports to the Estonian State University of Environmental Sciences ( Eesti Maaülikool ).
Deportation and death
In the summer of 1940 the Red Army occupied the Baltic States . The Soviet authorities deported Pool and his family on May 14th and 15th. June 1941 into the interior of the Soviet Union . Pool was executed in Sverdlovsk Oblast in August 1942 at the age of 51 . A year later his mother died in Siberia , who, like her son, had been deported to the Soviet Union.
Private life
Theodor Pool was married to Ida Pool (née Tahv), who was born in Tallinn in 1903. The couple had a son and a daughter.
literature
- Eesti elulood. Tallinn: Eesti entsüklopeediakirjastus 2000 (= Eesti entsüklopeedia 14) ISBN 9985-70-064-3 , p. 376
Web links
- CV (Estonian)
- Short biography (Estonian)
- Website of the research institute Piistaoja
- Works by Theodor Pool in the holdings of the Estonian National Library in Tallinn
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Pool, Theodor |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Pool, Theodor Johann (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Estonian politician, member of the Riigikogu and agronomist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 8, 1890 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tori Rural Municipality , Pärnu County |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 25, 1942 |
| Place of death | Sverdlovsk , Sverdlovsk Oblast , Soviet Union |