Tropical marshmallows

Tropical marshmallows
	Portia tree or coastal hibiscus ( Thespesia populnea )
Systematics
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family :	Mallow family (Malvaceae)
Subfamily :	Malvoideae
Tribe :	Gossypieae
Genre :	Tropical marshmallows
Scientific name
	Thespesia
	Sol. ex Corrêa

The genus tropical hibiscus ( Thespesia ) belongs to the Mallow family (Malvaceae). The 16 or so Thespesia species are distributed in tropical and warm subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, in the Caribbean and in the South Pacific.

description

Illustration of the portia tree also called coastal hibiscus ( Thespesia populnea )

Vegetative characteristics

The Thespesia species grow as shrubs and trees . Some species contain a yellow milky sap . Plant parts are hairless or have simple shield or star hair.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The petioles are long. The simple, egg-shaped leaf blades have a smooth or three- to five-lobed leaf margin. Often extra-floral nectaries are present on the leaves . The stipules are very narrow. The cotyledons are dotted black.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are usually found individually in the leaf axils or rarely in small, zymous , or in terminal racemose inflorescences . The tiny secondary calyx is two to eight lobed and sometimes has three-part nectaries .

The relatively large and showy flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and five-fold. There may be an outer cup. The five sepals are fused cup-shaped. The five mostly yellow, more rarely white or pink petals stand together like a bell; there may be a purple spot at a time. In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube surrounding the pistil , the so-called Columna . In this genus, the Columna usually does not rise above the petals. Five carpels have become an ovary adherent to each several ovules in each ovary compartment.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits are surrounded by the sepals. Spherical to pear-shaped, three- to fivefold capsule fruits are formed, which are leathery or lignified and remain closed or open when ripe; sometimes they are slightly fleshy. Each fruit compartment contains three to many seeds. The obovate seeds are smooth or hairy.

Systematics

Stalked leaves and flowers of Thespesia acutiloba

Foliage leaves and flowers of Thespesia grandiflora

The thespesia was set up in 1807 by Daniel Carl Solander in José Franciso Corrêa da Serra : Annales du muséum national d'histoire naturelle , 9, pp. 290-291, plate 25, figure 1. The type species is Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa . There was a redefinition of Hibiscus populneus L. The generic name Thespesia is derived from the Greek word thespésios for divine, mighty, wonderful, because of the appearance of these tree shapes .

The name Thespesia Sol. ex Corrêa nom. cons. was in Vienna ICBN Art. 14.4 & App. III against the homotypical synonym Bupariti Duhamel nom. rej., which was published as early as 1760 by Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau in Traité des semis et plantations des arbres et de leur culture , 5. Other synonyms for Thespesia Sol. ex Corrêa are: Armourea Lewton , Atkinsia R.A.Howard , Maga Urb. , Montezuma DC. , Parita Scopoli , Pariti Adanson nom. illeg., Shantzia Lewton , Thespesiopsis Exell & Hillc. , Ulbrichia Urb.

The genus Thespesia belongs to the tribe Gossypieae in the subfamily Malvoideae within the family Malvaceae .

The genus Thespesia comprises around 16 (up to 18 up to 2016) species (selection):

Thespesia acutiloba ( Baker f. ) Exell & Mendonça
Thespesia beatensis ( Urb. ) Fryxell : This endemic occurs only in the Dominican Republic .
Thespesia cubensis ( Britton & P. Wilson ) JBHutch. : It only occurs in Cuba .
Thespesia danis olive. : It occurs in Ethiopia , Somalia , Kenya and Tanzania .
Thespesia fissicalyx Borss.Waalk. : It was first described from New Guinea.
Thespesia garckeana F. Hoffm. : It occurs from tropical to southern Africa.
Thespesia grandiflora DC. : It only occurs in Puerto Rico .
Thespesia gummiflua Capuron : It was first described from Madagascar.
Thespesia mossambicensis (Exell & Hillc.) Fryxell (Syn .: Thespesiopsis mossambicensis Exell & Hillcoat ): It was first described from Mozambique.
Thespesia patellifera Borss.Waalk. : It was first described from New Guinea.
Portia or coastal hibiscus ( Thespesia populnea ( L. ) Sol. Ex Corrêa ): It is found in tropical Africa, tropical Asia, China, Japan , Taiwan, islands in the Indian Ocean and Pacific islands, Australia, New Guinea, and from Mexico widespread across Central America and on the Caribbean islands to northern South America .
Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel. : It thrives along the coasts of the Indian Ocean and tropical western Pacific.

The two species of the genus Azanza Alef no longer belong to the genus Thespesia . :

Thespesia lampas ( Cav. ) Dalzell → Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. : It is common in India , Laos , Vietnam , China, Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines .
Thespesia thespesioides ( R.Br. ex Benth. ) Fryxell → Azanza thespesioides (Benth.) F.Areces : It occurs in Australia.

swell

Fabiola Areces-Berazain, JD Ackerman: Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, Issue 2, June 2016, pp. 171-198. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12414 (section systematics)
Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. : Thespesia , pp. 296-296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 . (Section description)
Sultanul Abedin: Malvaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Thespesia - Online. (Sections Description and Distribution)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Fabiola Areces-Berazain, JD Ackerman: Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, Issue 2, June 2016, pp. 171-198. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12414
^ Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. : Thespesia , pp. 296-296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 .
↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 641.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Thespesia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 17, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Tropeneibische ( Thespesia ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Australian Hibiscus and Hibiscus like Species.
John K. Francis: Thespesia : PDF.

[Areces-Berazain2016-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Fabiola Areces-Berazain, JD Ackerman: Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, Issue 2, June 2016, pp. 171-198. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12414

[FoC-2] Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. : Thespesia , pp. 296-296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 .

[Genaust1996-3] Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 641.

[GRIN-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Thespesia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 17, 2017.