Tilphossion

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Tilphossion (Τιλφώσσιον)
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height 288  m (Tilphossion summit)
location Boeotia Regional District , Central Greece
Mountains Helicon
Coordinates 38 ° 23 '11 "  N , 23 ° 0' 44"  E Coordinates: 38 ° 23 '11 "  N , 23 ° 0' 44"  E
Tilphossion (Greece)
Tilphossion

Tilfossion , also Tilphossion or Tilphousion ( Greek  Τιλφώσσιον ; Latin Tilphossium or Tilphousium ) is a mountain on the northern foothills of the Helikon Mountains . It is located on the southern Kopaïs between the plains of Haliartos and Koroneia . Occasionally the mountain is also referred to by the modern name Petra. Some historians believe that in ancient times the Tilphossion included both Mount Petra and Mount Paleothiva .

mythology

When Apollon was looking for a place where he could build his oracle site, he came to the Tilphussa spring , at the foot of the Tilphossion. He liked the place, which is why he started building a temple. The nymph Tilphussa, however, had her oracle here and neither wanted to share it with Apollo nor cede it entirely. That is why she advised Apollon to found his oracle in Krisa because there would be less noise from horse-drawn carts passing by. However, when he got to Krisa, he came across Python . He had to kill this first to take possession of the place. Because he felt betrayed by Tilphussa, he returned to the Tilphussa spring and buried it under boulders and built an altar on it. Apollon Tilphusios was worshiped here. Remains of this sanctuary were found northwest of the mountain near the church of Agios Ioannis, which is located directly on the main road from Thiva to Livadia.

Lore

Diodorus reports that the inhabitants of Thebes fled to Alalkomenai and the Tilphossion after their city was conquered by the Epigones . The seer Teiresias was arrested during the conquest and was to be brought to Delphi. However, he drank from the Tilphussa spring on the way and died because people were forbidden to drink from it. He was buried at the source. At the foot of the mountain, the Haliarters also had a temple of the Praxidikai ("law enforcers"). There was a fort on Tilphossion that was conquered by the Thebans and later by Philip II .

The fort on the mountain, also called Vigla, dates from different times. Archaic polygonal walls and ancient ashlar walls can be found. During the Greek Revolution , the fortifications were renewed and Dimitrios Ypsilantis holed up here and prevented the Turkish army from breaking through in the Battle of Petra on September 12, 1829 .

literature

  • Mogens Herman Hansen, Thomas Heine Nielsen: An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis , Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-814099-1 , p. 436
  • Albert Schachter: Boiotia in Antiquity: Selected Papers , Cambridge 2016, ISBN 978-1-107-05324-3

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Homeric Hymnos , An den Pythischen Apollon 66-209.
  2. ↑ Diodor, Bibliothéke historiké 19,53,7.
  3. ^ Pausanias , Travels in Greece 9,33,1-3.
  4. ↑ Demosthenes, Political Speeches 19,141.
  5. ↑ Demosthenes, Political Speeches 19,148.
  6. ^ Siegfried Lauffer (ed.): Greece. Lexicon of historical sites from the beginning to the present. CH Beck, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-406-33302-8 , p. 685