Haliartus

Edward Dodwell : Ruins of Haliartus (1834).

Haliartos ( ancient Greek Ἁλίαρτος Halíartos ; Latin Haliartus ) was an ancient Greek city. It was located in central Boeotia on the southern bank of Lake Kopaïs , west of modern Aliartos .

Lore

The empire of Andreus , the founder of Orchomenos , also included the Haliartis. When Athamas came to him, he gave him the rule of Laphystion. Athamas took Haliartus and Koronos , the two sons of Thersandro , who were to inherit him. However, when Phrixus , the son of Athamas, or his son Presbon came to Laphystion, they vacated the throne and left it to the rightful heir. They founded Haliartus and Koroneia themselves . According to Homer , the city of Haliartus ruled Plataiai , Glisas , the lower city of Thebes , Onchestus , Arne , Nisas and Anthedon .

Pausanias reports that, since Haliartus confessed to the Greeks, 480 BC. Was destroyed by Xerxes I. However, this is questioned as Herodotus does not mention this destruction. In 424 BC Haliartus fought on the side of the Boeotians at the Battle of Delion . In the battle of Haliartus , the Spartan general Lysander found 395 BC. Died during an attack on the city walls of Haliartus. In the third Macedonian war Haliartus was defeated in 171 BC because of his support for the Macedonian king Perseus . Conquered and destroyed by the Roman general Gaius Lucretius . The area fell to Athens , the city was not rebuilt. Pausanias saw in Haliartus a heroon for Kekrops and two temples, but he did not know which gods they were dedicated to.

Haliartis

Haliartus's sphere of influence was called Haliartis. In this area the rivers Okalea, Lophis, Hoplites, Permessos, and Olmeios are supposed to flow into the Kopaïssee . The legend reports that the Haliartis was originally dry. The ruler of Haliartus therefore consulted the oracle of Delphi . The answer was that he should go home and kill the first one he met on the way. On the way home he first met his own son Lophis, whom he immediately killed. This was still running around before he finally died. A spring sprang from where his blood wetted the ground and the river was named Lophis after him.

The cities of Medeon , Onchestos, Okalea , Peteon , Alalkomenai and the sanctuary of the Praxidikai on Tilphossion belonged to the Haliartis .

Stater from Haliartus (400–375 BC). Page 1: Boeotic shield with trident , Page 2: Poseidon, inscription: ARI-AR-T-IO-N (Aliartion).

history

The place was already settled in the Middle Helladic and Mycenaean times. At least since the 6th century BC. The city belonged to the Boeotian League of Cities under the leadership of Thebes . The city minted large silver coins very early (550–500 BC).

On the acropolis of the city there are remains of buildings from the Mycenaean period to the 4th century BC. Received. At its highest point was a temple of Athena from the 6th century BC. In the 2nd century BC. Was destroyed and no longer built. To the east of the city was the sanctuary of Poseidon Onchestios, which was built from 338 to 146 BC. Was the center of the Boeotian League.

literature

• Paul Roesch:  Haliartos Boiotia, Greece . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
• William Smith : Haliartus. In: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. 1854 ( online )
• Siegfried Lauffer : Haliartus. In: Siegfried Lauffer (Ed.): Greece. Lexicon of Historic Places. CH Beck, Munich 1989, p. 254 f.

Web links

Commons : Haliartos  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Pausanias , Travels in Greece 9,34,7-8.
2. ↑ Homer, Iliad 2,503.
3. ^ Pausanias, Travels in Greece 9,32,5.
4. ^ Thucydides , History of the Peloponnesian War 4.93.
5. ^ Pausanias, Travels in Greece 3, 5, 3, 5.
6. ↑ Titus Livius , Roman History 42, 63.
7. ^ Pausanias, Travels in Greece 9,33,1.
8. ^ Pausanias , Travels in Greece 9,33,4.

Coordinates: 38 ° 22 ′ 40 ″  N , 23 ° 5 ′ 13 ″  E