Tempranillo

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Tempranillo
Synonyms see section synonyms
Tempranillo
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Spain
VIVC no. 12350
ancestry

Cross of
Albillo Mayor × Benedicto

List of grape varieties
Tempranillo in the book by Viala & Vermorel
Tempranillo red wine by the glass

Tempranillo is the most important red wine variety in Spain . The name of the grape variety is derived from the Spanish temprano "early". Literally translated, tempranillo "little early" because the Tempranillo grapes are smaller and some are mature earlier than Garnacha grapes. It is often blended with the Garnacha grape variety, for example Rioja wine, a blend with Garnacha and Mazuelo , which typically consists of 60–90% Tempranillo grapes and is deep red, spicy and has a long shelf life.

origin

The origin of the grape has been clarified today. For a long time it was assumed that the Tempranillo comes from Pinot Noir. After Spain was recaptured from the Moors , Cistercian monks settled in Rioja and planted the first vines. The young viticulture benefited from the monks' constant exchange of experience with French Burgundy , where viticulture already had a long tradition back then. Genetic studies from 2012 showed that Tempranillo is a spontaneous crossing of the white grape variety Albillo Mayor with the red Benedicto. In addition, only a purely autochthonous, white mutation of Tempranillo was discovered, Tempranillo Blanco.

distribution

The Tempranillo grape is the main variety in La Rioja ; Overall, it comes in second place among the grape varieties in Spain with 113,000 hectares of cultivation area.

Vineyard in Penedès

The best known growing areas are:

In France, a planted vineyard area of ​​882 hectares was surveyed in 2007. Smallest populations have been surveyed in Switzerland (0.2 hectares, as of November 2015)

The cultivation area in the world was 232,544 ha in 2010.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • The tip of the shoot is very woolly, tomentose, colored greenish white with a slightly pink tinge.
  • The young leaves are five-lobed, bronzed, slightly downy and with white wool to tomentose hairs on the underside with a red border. The adult leaf is medium-sized, five-lobed and the stalk bay is lyre-shaped and overlapping. The leaf blade is wavy and blistered.
  • The grape is large, loose, elongated and usually double shouldered. Berries are medium-sized, black-blue in color, scented with a thick berry skin and firm berry flesh and a slightly herbaceous taste.

Wine

The wines are strong and have a fragrant, fruity character. They are moderately alcoholic (approx. 11–13% by volume) and have great aging potential in the wood. They are characterized by elegant softness and mild tannins , which is why, unlike the Cabernets, they can be drunk as young wines. Its strength only comes into its own in the barrique development . So that good quality can be produced, the harvest yields should not exceed 60  dt / ha .

See also

Synonyms

There are many other names for this grape variety, depending on the region and country:

Albillo Negro, Aldepenas, Aragon, Aragones, Aragonez, Aragonez 51, Aragonez Da Ferra, Aragonez De Elvas, Arauxa, Arganda, Arinto Tinto, Cencibal, Cencibel, Cencibera, Chinchillana, Chinchillano, Chinchillana, Acano, Escobera, Cupani, Dejidera, Cup , Garnacho Fono, Grenache De Logrono, Jacibera, Jacibiera, Jacivera, Juan Garcia, Negra De Mesa, Negretto, Ojo De Liebre, Olho De Lebre, Palomino Negro, Pinuela, Sensibel, Tempranilla, Tempranillo, Tempranillo Crni, Tempranillo De La Rioja, Tempranillo De Perralta, Tempranillo De Rioja, Tempranillo De Rioza, Tempranillo Rioja, Tinta Aragones, Tinta Corriente, Tinta De Madrid, Tinta De Santiago, Tinta De Toro, Tinta Del Pais, Tinta Do Inacio, Tinta Do Pais, Tinta Fina, Tinta Madrid , Tinta Monteira, Tinta Monteiro, Tinta Roris, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Santiago, Tinto Aragon, Tinto Aragones, Tinto Aragonez, Tinto De La Ribera, Tinto De Madrid, Tinto De Rioja, Tinto De Toro, Tinto Del Pais, Tinto Del Toro, Tinto Fino, Tinto Fino De Madrid, Tinto Madri d, Tinto Pais, Tinto Ribiera, Tinto Riojano, Tinto Tempranillo, Ull De Liebre, Ull De Llebre, Valdepenas, Verdiell, Vid De Aranda.

Web links

Wiktionary: Tempranillo  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Research Institute for Vines and Wine) and the Madrid Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (Institute for Rural Development, Agriculture and Food)
  2. ↑ Genetic parents of the Tempranillo grape identified in: wein-aus-spanien.org, as of September 27, 2012
  3. ↑ Les cépages noirs dans le vignoble (PDF) ( Memento from January 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Légumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture (ONIVINS) , As of 2008
  4. ↑ The 2015 , 2016 wine year (PDF)
  5. ↑ Kym Anderson, Nanda R. Aryal: Which Winegrape Varieties are Grown Where? National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010 ; Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, South Australia, December 2013, revised July 2014. engl.
  6. ↑ Hans Ambrosi , Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, Ernst H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schumann: color atlas grape varieties. 300 varieties and their wines. 3rd, completely revised edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4 .
  7. ↑ As of March 5, 2015 Tempranillo in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)