Tolbutamide

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Tolbutamide
other names	1-butyl-3- ( p -tosylsulfonyl) urea
Molecular formula	C 12 H 18 N 2 O 3 S
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 64-77-7 EC number 200-594-3 ECHA InfoCard 100,000,541 PubChem 5505 DrugBank DB01124 Wikidata Q414275
Drug information
ATC code	A10 BB03 , V04 CA01
Drug class	Sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug
properties
Molar mass	270.35 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	128.5 ° C
pK s value	5.16
solubility	very bad in water (109 mg l −1 at 37 ° C)
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	2490 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Tolbutamide is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , the so-called age diabetes (former, colloquial term), from the series of sulfonylureas to which z. B. also Glibenclamid counts.

Mode of action

By binding to the SUR1 receptor , which is a subunit of the ATP-dependent potassium channels of the β cells in the islets of Langerhans in the endocrine pancreas , it inhibits the latter. The result is a depolarization of the membrane, which in turn results in an influx of calcium - ion leads to the β-cells. Calcium represents an important effector in the fusion of vesicles with the membrane. Insulin and C-peptide are located in the vesicles of the pancreas , which are subsequently released in increased quantities. Insulin leads to the desired drop in blood sugar levels .

disadvantage

Sooner or later, this therapy leads to a fatigue of the insulin secretion from the β-cells. The patient will only be spared the need to inject insulin for a certain period of time. It should primarily be advised to adhere to a strict diet in conjunction with physical activity, since insulin resistance, which is present in type 2, can in part be reversed by the corresponding lifestyle.

Trade names

Tolbutamide is available in Denmark under the name Arcosal.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on tolbutamide in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
2. ↑ Data Tolbutamide at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 14, 2017 ( PDF ).

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !