Potions (desert)
Tränke , Upper Sorbian Napojka , is a desert area southeast of Weißwasser in Upper Lusatia ( Saxony ). The foundation of the town, made possible in 1732, was first mentioned in a document in 1768. The remote community was connected to the power grid in 1950 under the slogan "Drinking needs light" , but it was cleared in 1962 in favor of the NVA military training area Nochten .
During the filming of the novel The Adventures of Werner Holt in 1964, many of the buildings that were still intact were destroyed.
geography
Tränke is located around five kilometers west of the Lusatian Neisse in the Muskauer Heide on the old post and trade route between the country towns of Muskau and Rothenburg , which at this point crossed the road from the market town of Diehsa and the Moravian Colony of Niesky, founded in 1742, to the Silesian Priebus .
The desert is located in a large, otherwise uninhabited heathland, which was bordered in the north by Weißwasser and Weißkeißel , in the east by the villages on the Neisse and in the south by the Vorwerke von Rietschen and Daubitz . In the west, apart from the village of Haide, this landscape extends as far as Nochten .
Near the former location, the landscape rises from 130 to over 140 m above sea level. NN , the highest point is the 171 meter high Tränkeberg (around two kilometers west of Steinbach ).
The details of the local area differ from each other, in the historical local directory of Saxony 61 hectares (status 1895) are given for the district , while Ernst Tschernik put the area size of the community in 1931 at 1,357.5 hectares.
history
Tränke is one of the more recent local foundations in Upper Lusatia. When the region gradually recovered after the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), heavy traffic developed on the road between Muskau and Rothenburg. An arm of the Niederen Strasse ran through Muskau , which as an army and trade route between Leipzig and Warsaw, next to the Hohen Strasse (Via Regia) running through Görlitz , connected cities and markets. A stream at the intersection of Rothenburger Strasse and the road leading from Daubitz via the border and customs town of Podrosche to Priebus in Silesia served as a drinking place for the draft animals of the carts and later gave the place its name.
Elector of Saxony Friedrich August I. (the Strong) permitted in 1732 Friedrich von Wiedebach, owner of the estate Rietschen, at the watering to operate a tavern. Little by little, some cottagers settled near this Kretscham , who lived from forestry in addition to farming. The village of Tränke, which was first mentioned in a document in 1768, emerged from this rural settlement. During the Saxon recession in 1777, five cottagers were counted, and only a little later the village expanded to around 20 farms through further settlements.
As a result of the Congress of Vienna Tränke was in the part of Upper Lusatia that the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815. During the subsequent administrative reform, Tränke came to the newly formed Rothenburg district in 1816 .
The residents were parish to Daubitz , and the school was attended there until 1866. In order to spare the children the eight-kilometer walk, which was often difficult in the winter months, a classroom was rented from a farmer in Tränke in 1866. From then on, lessons took place in this room until a school building was inaugurated in 1882. The teaching position in Tränke, which was organized from Daubitz, was not particularly attractive, until 1938 there had been 23 teacher changes.
After the Second World War , hundreds of volunteers built a kilometer-long overhead line to Tränke in 1950 under the propaganda slogan Tränke needs light to connect the village to the power grid. In February, a call was made for donations and on May 1st the village was connected to the power grid as part of a village festival. The propaganda processed the relief operation accordingly: “Up until now, the farmers had to work in potions with the most primitive means. The lack of electricity prevented the improvement of the working methods here. From May 1st, the farmer in Tränke will also have the opportunity to improve his working methods through electrical energy. "
After the NVA 1956 Truppenübungsplatz Nochten took over, they accelerated its expansion. Tränke was cleared in 1962, the community was dissolved and incorporated into Rietschen, where most of the residents also settled.
Two years later, the abandoned village served as the backdrop for the DEFA film The Adventures of Werner Holt . Through short scenes from other locations, the film gives the impression of a small German town that is to be defended by a Wehrmacht company in the spring of 1945. In order to get a realistic representation, buildings were destroyed during the filming: In the film, the representation ranges from falling roofs during urban warfare to Russian tanks driving through individual buildings.
The last building was destroyed by the army in the 1980s. After the military training area was taken over by the German Armed Forces , training operations in the former location were discontinued. Canopies protect existing masonry made of lawn iron stone .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 94 |
| 1863 | 89 |
| 1871 | 107 |
| 1885 | 106 |
| 1905 | 89 |
| 1919 | 99 |
| 1925 | 100 |
| 1939 | 90 |
| 1946 | 99 |
| 1950 | 117 |
| 1962 | 110 |
A permanent population growth in troughs can only be determined during the phase of the settlement of displaced persons from the Vogtland towards the end of the 18th century. While there were five farms in 1777, the Prussian census in 1825 recorded 94 inhabitants.
From the early 19th century to the evacuation of the village in 1962, the measured population fluctuated (with a few exceptions) between around 90 and 110 inhabitants.
In his research to compile statistics on the Sorbs in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka did not consider Tränke in the 1880s, as the place was outside the Sorbian language border at that time .
literature
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 227 f .
- Rudolf Henke: Rothenburg reading book . 1994, p. 309-318 .
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 3-929091-96-8 , p. 253 f .
- Lutz Stucka : Potions. A small, not insignificant heath village in the forests of northern Upper Lusatia . REGIA publishing house. Cottbus 2012. ISBN 978-3-86929-083-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 378 .
- ↑ a b Tränke in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - publications of the Institute for Slavonic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 121 .
- ^ Quote from the caption of a press photo .
- ↑ Torsten Richter: The old Tränke has found its peace: Kremser heads for Klein Priebus' former village. In: Lausitzer Rundschau , October 5, 2011.
- ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , p. 253.
- ^ Pohl: Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. , P. 84.
Web links
- Rothenburger Straße to Tränke , article by a local researcher from Skerbersdorf
Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ' N , 14 ° 53' E