Grape-stalked sclerotia

Grape-stalked sclerotia
	Grape stalked sclerotia ( Dendrocollybia racemosa )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	Agaricomycetidae
Order :	Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family :	Knight relatives (Tricholomataceae)
Genre :	Dendrocollybia
Type :	Grape-stalked sclerotia
Scientific name of the genus
	Dendrocollybia
	RH Petersen & Redhead
Scientific name of the species
	Dendrocollybia racemosa
	( Pers. ) RH Petersen & Redhead

The grape-stalked sclerotia ( Dendrocollybia racemosa , syn. Collybia racemosa and Microcollybia racemosa ) is the only type of fungus in the genus Dendrocollybia .

features

Macroscopic features

It makes as collybia ( Collybia s. Str. ) Small, in hat and handle structured fruiting . Characteristic and eponymous are the pin-like stem-headed side rungs on the handle. The hat reaches a diameter of 3 to 12 mm. It is whitish gray to gray, darker in color towards the middle and often has a distinct hump. The surface is bare in the middle; Pressed towards the edge, silky-fibrous. In some cases, the hat can also be greatly reduced or missing.

The thin lamellas are crowded, grown and colored whitish gray to chocolate brown. The cylindrical stem is flexible and becomes 2–6 (-10) cm long and 0.1-0.5 mm wide. It is colored pale brown, orange, red to dark brown. The side branches partly have white heads, which represent rudimentary hats. Their hyphae lace conidia from. They are also inamyloid and have a granular content. The ramifications are densely covered with sclerotia . These are black in color, spherical in shape and 2 to 7 mm wide. The spore powder is white.

Microscopic features

The spores are ellipsoidal and measure 4 to 6 (6.5) by 2 to 3 µm. They are thin-walled and inamyloid . The basidia are narrow, club-shaped, four-pore and measure 16 to 22 by 3.5 to 4.5 µm. The cap skin is formed from thin radially lying hyphae . They are 2 to 4 µm thick and slightly encrusted with gray pigments. There are no cystids, there are buckles . The conidia are hyaline and 7 to 13 by 3 to 5.5 µm in size. They are long ellipsoidal or subtriangular, often curved, and have a rounded extension at the base.

Species delimitation

The grape-stalked sclerotia is well characterized by its numerous noticeable branches on the stalk. In other species that have similar properties, such as B. the cheese mushroom ( Marasmius bulliardii ), this feature is much less noticeable. The species of the genus Collybia ( dwarf buds ) also often grow on old fruiting bodies of other agarics. However, they lack the branches on the stem.

ecology

The grape-stalked sclerotia root lives as a saprobiont in forests. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn individually or in groups on old fruiting bodies of other leaf and pore fungi. These are mainly milklings and pigeons from the relationship of the woolly puffin ( Lactarius vellereus ) and the thick-leaved black pigeon ( Russula nigricans ).

distribution

The grape-stalked sclerotia root is widespread in the Holarctic , where it can be found submeridional to boreal. However , it is not a closed distribution area. The mushroom can be found in North America (USA) and Europe. In Europe, the area extends from England and the Netherlands in the west to Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, as well as Italy and Romania in the south and northwards to Fennoscandinavia. There are only a few proofs in Germany.

swell

literature

German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .

Individual evidence

↑ Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen, James E. Johnson, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, Scott A. Redhead, Tiffany Thomas, Laura L. McGhee: Infragenic phylogeny of Collybia s. st. based on sequences of ribosomal ITS and LSU regions . In: Mycological Research . tape 105 , no. 2 , 2001, p. 164-172 , doi : 10.1017 / S0953756200003415 .
^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Michael Wood, Fred Stevens: California Fungi - Dendrocollybia racemosa . In: The Fungi of California . Retrieved May 11, 2013 .
↑ Michael Wood, Fred Stevens: Collybia racemosa (Pers .: Fr.) Quélet. (PDF; 290 kB) In: The Fungi of California . Retrieved May 11, 2013 . (Source applies to the entire paragraph)

Web links

Commons : Grape-stemmed Sclerotia Root ( Dendrocollybia racemosa ) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Michael Kuo: Dendrocollybia racemosa . In: MushroomExpert.Com . 2005, accessed May 11, 2013 .
Michael Wood, Fred Stevens: California Fungi - Dendrocollybia racemosa . In: The Fungi of California . Retrieved May 11, 2013 .

[Hughes2001-1] Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen, James E. Johnson, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, Scott A. Redhead, Tiffany Thomas, Laura L. McGhee: Infragenic phylogeny of Collybia s. st. based on sequences of ribosomal ITS and LSU regions . In: Mycological Research . tape 105 , no. 2 , 2001, p. 164-172 , doi : 10.1017 / S0953756200003415 .

[Kirk2008-2] Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).

[Ryman1992-3] Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .

[Wood2011a-4] Michael Wood, Fred Stevens: California Fungi - Dendrocollybia racemosa . In: The Fungi of California . Retrieved May 11, 2013 .

[Wood2011b-5] Michael Wood, Fred Stevens: Collybia racemosa (Pers .: Fr.) Quélet. (PDF; 290 kB) In: The Fungi of California . Retrieved May 11, 2013 . (Source applies to the entire paragraph)