Western triple lily

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Western triple lily
Trillium ovatum var. Ovatum in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

Trillium ovatum var. Ovatum in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Lily-like (Liliales)
Family : Germer family (Melanthiaceae)
Genre : Forest lilies ( trillium )
Type : Western triple lily
Scientific name
Trillium ovatum
Pursh
Supported by thin white filaments, the stamens are 4–16 mm long.

The Western Three Zipfel lily ( Trillium ovatum ), with English common names and Pacific trillium , trillium western , western wakerobin or western white trillium is one of the Trillium ( Trillium belonging) plant from the tribe Parideae in the family of melanthiaceae (Melanthiaceae). In the past, this was often seen as an independent family of the forest lily family (Trilliaceae). The species is native to western North America.

distribution and habitat

The western triciple lily is found in parts of the western United States and Canada , usually in rich forests . In the northern part of its range, which includes southern British Columbia , the extreme southwest from Alberta , Washington , Oregon eastwards to Montana , Wyoming and northern Colorado , it often grows under Douglas firs . Other trees that occasionally shade this Trillium species are the coastal fir ( Abies grandis ), the giant arborvitae ( Thuja plicata ), and the West American hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla ); Oregon maple ( Acer macrophyllum ), red alder ( Alnus rubra ) and sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis ) are added near the coast. The main flowering time is in April.

Near the California coast, it is often found under the coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens ). Other undergrowth species in these regions are West American sword fern ( Polystichum munitum ), Achlys triphylla , violets ( Viola ), Oxalis oregana and Shallon shamrock ( Gaultheria shallon ).

features

Trillium ovatum is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads through underground rhizomes . Each single plant has one or two flowering shoots, each up to 50 cm high. The flowers are white or pink, the colors can also darken with age. Occasionally the petals are more maroon brown.

Systematics

Trillium ovatum is within the genus of the subgenus Trillium s. st. assigned. According to recent phylogenomic studies, the genus is monophyletic , but the subgenus is possibly paraphyletic. According to the results, the common clade from the species Trillium grandiflorum and Trillium simile would be closely related . The genus Trillium forms together with the genus Paris ( one-berries ) and the species Pseudotrillium rivale the tribe of the Parideae (synonym: Trillieae) in the Germer family (Melanthiaceae). This tribe used to be seen as an independent family Trilliaceae. It is morphologically well characterized by individual flowers, berries, membranous nectaries and the number of chromosomes (5). In earlier decades it was united in a broad family of the lily plants (Liliaceae).

3 varieties have been described:

  • Trillium ovatum var. Hibbersonii (TMCTaylor & szczaw.) GWDouglas & Pojar (Syn .: Trillium ovatum f. Hibbersonii T.MCTaylor & szczaw. ) - on Vancouver Iceland in British Columbia
  • Trillium ovatum var. Oettingeri (Munz & Thorne) Case - in northwestern California
  • Trillium ovatum var. Ovatum - It comes in Alberta, British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and California before.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Trillium ovatum . In: NatureServe Explorer . NatureServe. Retrieved May 2, 2008.
  2. ^ A b World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) . Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ iNaturalist, Trillium ovatum
  4. ↑ Frederick W. Case, Roberta B. Case: Trilliums. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1997. ISBN 0-88192-374-5 .
  5. ↑ Flora of North America, Trillium ovatum
  6. ↑ Sang-Chul Kim Jung Sung Kim Mark W. Chase Michael F. Fay Joo-Hwan Kim (2016): Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Melanthiaceae (Liliales) based on plastid DNA sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 567-584. doi: 10.1111 / boj.12405
  7. ↑ Douglas, George Wayne & Pojar, Jim. 2001. Canadian Field-Naturalist 115: 343
  8. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Trillium ovatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 27, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Western Dreizipfellilie ( Trillium ovatum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files