Triphosphorus pentanitride

Structural formula
No drawing available
General
Surname	Triphosphorus pentanitride
other names	Phosphorus (V) nitride
Molecular formula	P 3 N 5
Brief description	white, odorless and tasteless solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 12136-91-3 EC number 235-233-9 ECHA InfoCard 100.032.018 Wikidata Q15427074
properties
Molar mass	162.96 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	2.51 g cm −3 (18 ° C)
solubility	almost insoluble in water
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Triphosphorus pentanitride is an inorganic chemical compound of phosphorus from the group of nitrides .

Extraction and presentation

Triphosphorus pentanitride can be obtained by reacting phosphorus sulfide ammonia P ₄ S ₁₀ · 14 NH ₃ with ammonia or hydrogen at high temperatures. This method was first used in 1903 by Stock and Hoffmann. It can also be represented by reacting phosphonitrile chloride (PNCl ₂ ) ₃ with ammonia at 825 ° C. Both conversions take place over several intermediate stages.

It can also be obtained by ammonolysis of phosphorus pentachloride at 780 ° C., a colorless mixture of α- and β-P ₃ N _{5 being} formed.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {3\ PCl_{5}+5\ NH_{4}Cl\longrightarrow P_{3}N_{5}+20\ HCl} }$

Α-Triphosphorus pentanitride is formed in pure phases during the pyrolysis of [P (NH ₂ ) ₄ ] I at 825 ° C.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {3\ [P(NH_{2})_{4}]I\longrightarrow P_{3}N_{5}+3\ NH_{4}I+4\ NH_{3}} }$

properties

Triphosphorus pentanitride is a white, odorless and tasteless solid that is insoluble in all solvents . In a vacuum , it breaks down into the elements at high temperatures. It decomposes when heated with water in a melting tube to 180 ° C with the formation of phosphoric acid and ammonia. It only reacts with oxygen at 600 ° C. From 800 ° C the compound decomposes to phosphorus (III) nitride and nitrogen .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {P_{3}N_{5}\longrightarrow 3\ PN+N_{2}} }$

Triphosphorus pentanitride occurs in two modifications under normal conditions. The network structure of α-triphosphorus pentanitride ( monoclinic , space group Cc (space group no. 9) , a = 812.077 pm , b = 583.433 pm, c = 916.005 pm, β = 115.809 °) from PN ₄ tetrahedra shows similarities with the structures of Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride . Surprisingly, however, an edge linkage of PN ₄ tetrahedra also occurs in α-triphosphorus pentanitride . The γ-form ( orthorhombic , Imm 2 (No. 44) , a = 1287.2 pm, b = 261.31 pm, c = 440.03 pm) that can be obtained at high pressures and temperatures consists of tetrahedral PN ₄ and tetragonal PN ₄ PN ₅ units that are linked to one another via a nitrogen atom. Depending on the mixing ratio and temperature, it reacts with lithium nitride to form various salt-like nitridophosphates such as Li ₇ PN ₄ , Li ₁₂ P ₃ N ₉ or Li ₁₀ P ₄ N ₁₀ .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Georg Brauer , with the assistance of Marianne Baudler u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry . 3rd, revised edition. tape I . Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , pp. 553 .
2. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
3. ↑ ^{a b} D.EC Corbridge: Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition . CRC Press, 2013, ISBN 1-4398-4088-1 , pp. 143 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
4. ^ ^{A b c} Ralf Steudel : Chemistry of the non-metals: with atomic structure, molecular geometry and bond theory . Walter de Gruyter, 1998, ISBN 3-11-012322-3 , p. 453 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
5. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 789.
6. ↑ Wolfgang Schnick, Jan Lücke, Frank Krumeich: Phosphorus Nitride P3N5, Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Electron Microscopic Investigations. In: Chemistry of Materials. 8, 1996, pp. 281-286, doi : 10.1021 / cm950385y .
7. ↑ S. Horstmann, E. Irran, W. Schnick: Phosphorus (V) nitride alpha-P ₃ N ₅ : Synthesis starting from tetraaminophosphonium iodide and crystal structure determination by synchrotron powder diffraction from . In: Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 624, 1998, pp. 620-628, doi : 10.1002 / (SICI) 1521-3749 (199804) 624: 4 <620 :: AID-ZAAC620> 3.0.CO; 2-K
8. ↑ Stefan Horstmann, Elisabeth Irran, Wolfgang Schnick: Synthesis and crystal structure of phosphorus (V) nitride α-P3N5. In: Angewandte Chemie. 109, 1997, pp. 1938-1940, doi : 10.1002 / ange.19971091714 .
9. ↑ K. Landskron, H. Huppertz, J. Senker, W. Schnick. In: ³¹ P-MAS-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and material properties of gamma- (P ₃ N ₅ ), a high-pressure phase of binary phosphorus (V) nitride with distorted square (PN ₅ ) pyramids and (PN ₄ ) - Tetrahedra. , Journal for inorganic and general chemistry , 628, 2002, pp. 1465-1471, doi : 10.1002 / 1521-3749 (200207) 628: 7 <1465 :: AID-ZAAC1465> 3.0.CO; 2-Y