Trubetskoy Bastion Prison

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Saint Petersburg Museum:
Cell in the Trubetskoy Bastion

The Trubetskoi-Bastion prison as part of the Peter and Paul Fortress has been part of the St. Petersburg museums since 1924 . Political prisoners were incarcerated there from 1872 to 1921.

overview

The civil engineers Konstantin Andrejew and Michail Passypkin built the two-story, pentagonal prison between 1870 and 1872 on the demolished inner walls of the Trubezkoi bastion. The political prisoners were in 72 individual cells (in 1878 there were 69 cells) in solitary confinement imprisoned. From 1880 a special police force guarded the prisoners.

In the late winter of 1879 there was a hunger strike in the prison against the strict prison conditions.

From 1880 the prison conditions were tightened until 1884. Only the Holy Scriptures were allowed to be read. Smoking, writing letters, and visiting were prohibited. A straw mattress served as a mattress.

Dozens of inmates became insane as a result of solitary confinement . In 1897, Marija Wetrowa attempted to immolate herself in protest of the prison conditions.

During the tsarist rule , i.e. until 1917, there were more than 1,500 prisoners in total. Until 1880 the Narodniki Pjotr ​​Kropotkin , German Alexandrowitsch Lopatin (1845-1918), Wera Figner , Andrei Scheljabow , Nikolai Morosow , Alexander Ulyanov and the aforementioned Marija Wetrowa were imprisoned. In 1890 to 1900, sat SRs Boris Savinkov , Ekaterina Konstantinovna Breshko-Breshkovskaya (1844-1934), Stepan Balmaschow and Viktor Chernov and members of the League of Struggle for the liberation of the working class and the Social Democratic Party of Russia Nikolai Bauman , Alexander Shapovalov , Panteleimon Nikolayevich Lepeschinski (1868–1944), Michail Olminski and Sinaida Wassiljewna Konopljannikowa (1878–1906). After the St. Petersburg Bloody Sunday in 1905, Maxim Gorky , Leon Trotsky and Alexander Parvus were sent to this prison.

During the February and October revolutions , some representatives of defeated parties were detained in the prison. During the October Revolution, members of the Provisional Government and heads of the Cadet Party such as Pavel Dmitrijewitsch Dolgorukow (1866-1927), Andrei Ivanovich Shingarev (1869-1918) and Fyodor Fyodorovich Kokoschkin the Younger (1871-1918) sat in the bastion.

From December 1917 the Trubezkoi-Bastion was a Cheka prison. Although the detention center was officially closed in March 1918, people were still detained in it until 1921. For example, in 1919, four Romanovs sat in the bastion - the Grand Dukes Nikolai , Georgi , Pavel and Dmitri . All four were shot by the Bolsheviks on January 30, 1919 . The four victims of the revolution were rehabilitated by the Russian state in 1999. The last prisoners in the bastion were participants in the Kronstadt sailors' uprising against Soviet Russia .

During the Red Terror , shootings are said to have taken place in the bastion in 1917–1921. Because in 2010 victims would have been exhumed on the site.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ One of the six bastions of the Peter and Paul Fortress bears the name of Prince Yuri Jurjewitsch Trubezkoi (* April 20, 1668; † September 8, 1739), who from 1703 supervised the construction on behalf of Peter I.
  2. ↑ Russian Otdelny corpus schandarmow

Coordinates: 59 ° 57 ′ 1 ″  N , 30 ° 18 ′ 57 ″  E