Andrei Iwanowitsch Schingarjow

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Andrei Iwanowitsch Schingarjow

Andrei Ivanovich Shingarioff ( Russian Андрей Иванович Шингарёв * August 18 jul. / The thirtieth August  1869 greg. In Borovoe, Ujesd Voronezh , † January 7 jul. / 20th January  1918 greg. In Petrograd ) was a Russian doctor , economist and politicians .

Life

Schingarjow's parents were the merchant Ivan Andreevich Schingarjow and Sinaida Nikanorovna née Petrulina, daughter of a noble landowner. Schingarjow attended the Voronezh secondary school from 1879 to 1886. After a year of preparation in Yelets , he passed the entrance examination for university studies, so that in 1887 he began studying at the University of Moscow in the natural history department of the physics - mathematics faculty . He graduated in 1891 and then completed a medical degree at the medical faculty with graduation in 1894.

1895-1897 practiced Schingarjow as a doctor. In 1898 he became a Zemstvo doctor and headed the medical district in the Voronezh governorate . 1903–1906 he headed the health department of the Voronezh provincial administration. In addition , he edited the cadet newspaper Voronezhskoye Slovo (1905-1907) and published in the Retsch , in the Russkije vedomosti and in the Russkaya Mysl . He was a voting member of the Zemstvo Assembly of Ujesds Usman in the Tambov Governorate . In his book about the dying village, he denounced the social grievances and warned of future tremors.

Schingarjow participated in the revolutionary unrest in Voronezh in 1905–1907 . In 1905 he founded a local branch of the Liberal Union of Liberation in Voronezh . In 1907 he was transferred from Voronezh to the II State Duma and from the Voronezh Governorate to the III. State Duma and elected to the IV State Duma from St. Petersburg in 1912. He was the keynote speaker for the Cadet Finance Group. He took part in the Second Congress of the Cadet Party and in 1907 became a member of the Central Committee of the Cadets (until 1918). In 1908 he was accepted into the St. Petersburg Masonic Lodge Zum Polarstern , which was directed by Maxim Maximowitsch Kowalewski .

Schingarjow developed an extensive and varied teaching activity. He taught at military schools for men and women in Voronezh and gave lectures on labor legislation and industrial hygiene at the Polytechnic Institute as well as on medicine and health at the advanced courses for trade and accounting at Mikhail Vladimirovich Pobedinskis and at the Clinical Institute of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna in St. Petersburg. He gave lectures on questions of health, economic and financial policy in all major cities of European Russia and the Urals . Schingarjow was a member of the All-Russian Pirogov Society of Russian Doctors (1895-1917), where he was a member of various standing commissions and a member of the Free Economic Society (1908-1915). He promoted the organization of health exhibitions , such as the International Hygiene Exhibition Dresden in 1911 and the All-Russian Exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1913.

During the First World War , Schingarev was chairman of the Duma Naval Commission from 1915 to 1917 . During the February Revolution of 1917 , he headed the Nutrition Commission with representatives of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma and the Petrograd Soviet . He was one of Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov's closest colleagues . Alexander Issajewitsch Solzhenitsyn described in his book The Red Wheel in Chapter 3 of the Third Knot the difficult role of Shingaryov. In March 1917, Schingarjow became Minister of Agriculture of the first Provisional Government under Georgi Evgenjewitsch Lwow and initiated the Grain Monopoly Act to secure supplies. Vladimir Dmitrijewitsch Nabokow ( Vladimir Nabokov's father ) remembered that Shingaryov didn't trust anyone, wanted to do everything himself and thus overwhelmed his health. In May 1917, Shingaryov became Minister of Finance in the first Provisional Coalition Government as successor to Mikhail Ivanovich Tereschenkos and led the cadet group, while Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov became the new Minister of Agriculture. Against the opposition of the entrepreneurs he increased the income tax significantly . In July 1917, the Central Committee of the Cadet Party decided to reject the planned agreement with the Central Na Rada of Ukraine and to leave the Provisional Government, so that Shingaryov resigned as Minister of Finance and Alexander Grigoryevich Khrushchev took over the office. Shingaryov ran for the Constituent Assembly , but was not elected.

After the October Revolution , Shingaryov became July 28th . / December 11,  1917 greg. On the day of the planned opening of the Constituent Assembly, arrested by the Bolsheviks in the house of Countess Sofya Vladimirovna Panina and in the Trubetskoy bastion of Peter and Paul as one of the leaders of the Party of People's Enemies by the decision of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee -Fortress fixed. On January 6th, July / January 19, 1918 greg. Shingarev and Fyodor Fyodorovich Kokoschkin were transferred to the Mariinsky Prison Hospital for health reasons. The following night Shingarev and Kokoschkin were shot there by guards who had asked and received money from their relatives the day before for their expenses. Several thousand people attended the funeral in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery cemetery . The murderers were not punished.  

Schingarjow was married to the teacher Jefrossinja Maximowna nee Kulaschko (1873-1917), with whom he had four children. Schingaryov's sister was the doctor and microbiologist Alexandra Ivanovna Schingaryova , who raised his children after Schingaryov's death.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Khrushchev AG: Андрей Иванович Шингарев: его жизнь и деятельность . Комитет по увековечению памяти Шингарева и Кокошкина, Moscow 1918 ( narod.ru [accessed December 11, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b c d SHINGAREV, ANDREI IVANOVICH Biography (accessed December 11, 2018).
  3. ↑ Игорь Архипов: А. И. Шингарев - "обходительный" либерал (accessed December 11, 2018).
  4. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: ШИНГАРЁВ Андрей Иванович (accessed December 11, 2018).
  5. ↑ Шингарев А.И .: Вымирающая деревня: Опыт санитарно-экономического исследования двух селений Воронежского уезда . Общественная польза, St. Petersburg 1907 ( narod.ru [accessed December 11, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Российский либерализм: идеи и люди . 2nd Edition. Новое издательство, Moscow 2007, p. 718 ( rusliberal.ru [PDF; accessed December 10, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Noteworthy members Of the Grand Orient of France in Russia and the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient of Russia's People (accessed December 11, 2018).
  8. ^ "The First Provisional Government" (Izvestiia, March 3 1917) (accessed December 11, 2018).
  9. ↑ Набоков В. Д .: Временное правительство . In: Архив русской революции: В 22 т. Т. 1 . Moscow 1991.
  10. ↑ Протасов Л. Г .: Всероссийское Учредительное собрание: История рождения и гибели . РОССПЭН, Moscow 1997, p. 272 .
  11. ↑ Декреты Советской власти . 1st edition. Государственное издательство политической литературы. Т. I, Moscow 1957, p. 162 .
  12. ^ Lindenmeyr, Adele: The First Soviet Political Trial: Countess Sofia Panina before the Petrograd Revolutionary Tribunal . In: The Russian Review, . tape 60 , no. 10 , 2001, p. 505-525 , doi : 10.1111 / 0036-0341.00188 .
  13. ↑ Комитет по увековечению памяти Ф. Ф. Кокошкина и А. И. Шингарева: Как это было. Дневник А. И.Шингарева . 1st edition. Тов. И. И. Кушнерев и Ко, Moscow 1918, p. 67, 68 .
  14. ↑ Шелохаев В.В .: Федор Федорович Кокошкин . In: Международный исторический журнал . No. 8 , 2000.
  15. ↑ Figes O .: A People's Tragedy . Penguin, 1998, ISBN 0-14-024364-X .
personal data
SURNAME Schingarjow, Andrei Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шингарёв, Андрей Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian doctor, economist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH August 30, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Borovoye, Uezd Voronezh
DATE OF DEATH January 20, 1918
Place of death Petrograd