The Tupungatito volcano is hardly noticeable between the surrounding mountains. The aerial photo shows to the right of the center of the picture the flat view from the northwest into the caldera , which is filled with ice and snow , the edge of which is lined with black mountain peaks. To the left of this is the prominent Tupungato cone .
The Tupungatito , (a) also Bravard called, is an active stratovolcano in the Andes , 80 km east of Santiago de Chile located on the border with Argentina. Its height is given as 5650 m (b) , but it is only visible from its base.
The volcano has a volume of 30 km³ over an area of 44 km². It has eight well-preserved craters on the northern edge of a semicircular depression that is open to the northwest. The depression is filled with an extensive, 15 to 190 m thick mass of ice and snow, which flows over the Glaciar del Azufre (sulfur glacier ) to the northwest. The meltwater from the glacier feeds the Río Colorado, which in turn flows into the Río Maipo . At the summit there is a hyper-acidic crater lake ( pH : 0.34 to 0.6; temperature: 32.2 to 35.2 ° C; dissolved solids (TDS): 38.9 to 45.1 g / l).
The Tupungatito formed less than 55,000 years ago, making it younger than the neighboring, inactive Tupungato . Of the 13 volcanoes in central Chile (between 33 and 36 ° south), the Tupungatito is one of the most active, along with the Planchón-Peteroa volcanic massif. It is characterized by constant fumarole activity . 25 eruptions have been documented since 1646, the last so far in 1986.
(a)Tupungatitito: Diminutive of Tupungato, from Quechua tupu-katru "exceeding the limit", or Mapudungun tu pun katrü "occasionally hunting at night"
(b)The altitude information varies depending on the publication: 5600 m, 5603 m , 5640 m , 5650 m , 5660 m .
Individual evidence
↑ a b c d e f g Tupungatito. (No longer available online.) Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Gobierno de Chile, archived from the original on March 28, 2014 ; Retrieved March 11, 2014 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sernageomin.cl
↑ a b Volcán Tupungatito o Bravard. (No longer available online.) In: difrol.gob.cl. Dirección Nacional de Fronteras y Límites del Estado, archived from the original on May 9, 2018 ; Retrieved May 9, 2018 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.difrol.gob.cl
↑ a b c
Oscar Benavente, Franco Tassi, Felipe Aguilera, Mariano Agusto, Alberto Caselli, Francisco Gutiérrez, Orlando Vaselli, Martin Reich: Preliminary geochemical investigation of Tupungatito and Planchón-Peteroa (Argentina-Chile) hyperacidic crater lakes . In: Conference Proceeding of: 8th International workshop on Volcanic lakes . CVL8-09, 2013 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 10, 2014]).
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