Tuzoia

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Tuzoia
Tuzoia sp.

Tanks of tuzoia sp.

Temporal occurrence
lower to middle Cambrian
521 to 497 million years
Locations
Systematics
without rank: Bilateria
without rank: Primordial mouths (protostomia)
Over trunk : Molting animals (Ecdysozoa)
Trunk : Arthropod (arthropoda)
incertae sedis
Genre : Tuzoia
Scientific name
Tuzoia
Walcott , 1912

Tuzoia is an extinct genus with an uncertain position within the arthropods (Arthropoda). The genus was introduced by Charles Walcott in 1912while describing the Burgess schist fauna.

features

Representatives of the genus Tuzoia were large ( Tuzoia sp. Chlupáč & Kordule, 2002 up to 180 mm long), bivalve arthropods. The armor was thin, relatively flexible, wrapped dorsally around the body and had a straight or slightly convex upper edge with or without spines. The anterior rostrum was stronger than the posterior and had a visual or eye notch. The rear edge had a centrally located sting and a sting towards the ventral side, which were between 20 ° and 40 °, but mostly 30 °, apart. Some species had additional small marginal spines or thorns on the rear edge. As a rule, there was a well-marked lateral elevation exactly in the middle between the upper and lower edge, which in some species had 7 to 10 thin and broad thorns. The surface of the two sides of the armor had a clearly recognizable net-like pattern. A pair of large lateral and pedicled eyes, the stems about three times as long as the eye itself, and a pair of short antennae protruding from the viewing notch.

Locations

The species of the genus Tuzoia were found in North America ( Burgess schist , Pennsylvania and Utah ), in China ( Manchuria and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau ), in South Australia and Europe (only in the Czech Republic ).

Systematics

External system

The systematic position of the genus Tuzoia within the arthropod has not yet been determined, but there are different concepts:

In 1935 Percy Edward Raymond put the genus into a separate family Tuzoiidae and Delle Cave and Simonetta in 1975, together with Hurdia Walcott, in 1912 , in the order Tuzoida. This system was maintained by Hou Xian-Guang and Jan Bergström when they established the order in 1997 with other arthropods of unsafe position in the Schizoramia tribe.

In 1969, WD Ian Rolfe classified Tuzoia as a Phyllocarida , a class of higher crustaceans (Malacostraca), of indefinite order and family.

Jean Vannier et al. 2006 assume that Tuzoia and the Cambrian genus Isoxys are possibly representatives of the class Thylacocephala .

Internal system

The recognition of species in the genus Tuzoia is still very controversial. Some authors see T. burgessensis Resser, 1929 and T. canadensis Resser, 1929 as synonyms of the type species T. retifera Resser, 1929 . T. spinosa Resser, 1929 is based on insufficient material, as is T. nitida Resser & Howell, 1938 and T. vermontensis Resser & Howell, 1938 , and are in part with T. nodosa Resser, 1929 and T. getzi Resser, 1929 as possible Synonyms of T. polleni Resser, 1929 . The species T. bispinosa Yuan & Zhao, 1999 and T. magna Yuan & Zhao, 1999 originating from the province of Guizhou are probably identical and are listed under T. bispinosa Yuan & Zhao, 1999 .

At Tuzoia? parva Walcott, 1912 according to Briggs 1977 it is a possibly ontogenetic form of Tuzoia . It is unclear whether T.? peterseni Robison & Richards, 1981 , T.? dunbari Resser, 1929 was already detached from the genus.

swell

literature

  • I. Chlupáč, V. Kordule: Arthropods of Burgess Shale type from the Middle Cambrian of Bohemia (Czech Republic) . Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, Vol. 77 (3), 2002: 167-182. PDF
  • J. Vannier, J.-B. Caron, Yuan J.-L., DEG Briggs, D. Collins, Zhao Y.-L., Zhu M.-Y .: Tuzoia: Morphology and Lifestyle of a Large Bivalved Arthropod of the Cambrian Seas . Journal of Paleontology 81 (3), 2007: 445-471. HTML

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ C. Walcott: Cambrian geology and paleontology II. 6. Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata . Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57 (6), 1912: 145-228.
  2. ^ P. Raymond: Leanchoilia and other Mid-Cambrian Arthropoda . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 76 (6), 1935: 205-230.
  3. ↑ AM Simonetta, L. Delle Cave: The Cambrian non trilobite arthropods from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia . Palaeontographica Italica 69, 1975: 1-37.
  4. ↑ Hou X.-G., J. Bergström: Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China . Fossils Strata 45, 1997: 1-116.
  5. ^ WDI Rolfe: Phyllocarida . In: RC Moore , C. Teichert (Eds.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4 , Vol. 1, Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, 1969: 296-331.
  6. ↑ J. Vannier, Chen J.-Y., Huang D.-Y., S. Charbonnier, Wang X.-Q: The Early Cambrian origin of thylacocephalan arthropods . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (2), 2006: 201-214. PDF
  7. ↑ DEG Briggs: Bivalved arthropods from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia . Palaeontology, 20, 1977: 595-621.

Web links

Commons : Tuzoia  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files