Tehran subway
The Tehran Metro ( Persian متروی تهران metrō-ye Tehrān ) is the metro system of the Iranian capital Tehran . The first plans for construction began in the 1970s, but the first line did not open until 1999. Since 2014, the subway has consisted of four lines and is operated by the Tehran Urban & Suburban Railway Company . It is standard gauge and has a total length of 110 kilometers. In its final state of expansion, the network should be 450 kilometers long in 2028 and thus open up Tehran on a larger scale. A special feature is the reserved women's compartments , which are located in the first two and the last car of each train. Women are free to use the other cars as well.
history
In 1971 the first studies were carried out, which examined the development of the city and traffic over the next 20 years. A report was drawn up from this in 1974, which recommended, among other things, the construction of a subway with seven lines, which were to be supplemented by bus lines and taxis. The law on the establishment of the Tehran railway and subway company, which led to the establishment of the operating company, was passed in 1975. The operating company of Métro Paris received the contract for the construction . In the following year, geological surveys, land surveys and construction studies began. Due to the fall of the Iranian government, the subsequent Iraqi-Iranian war and financial problems, work on the subway was suspended from 1982 to 1985 when construction contracts for lines 1, 2 and 5 were awarded. At the same time, the railway company for the city and the surrounding area of Tehran was founded. On March 7, 1999, when Line 5 went into operation, the Tehran subway opened. Sections of Line 2 followed on February 21, 2000, and part of Line 1 was also put into operation on August 28, 2001.
traffic
vehicles
The trains consist of seven cars (train length 137 meters), whose electric motor is powered by a conductor rail (750 volts DC ). The maximum speed of the trains is 80 kilometers per hour.
Lines
line 1
Line 1 runs in a north-south direction from the Tajrish stop in the north to the Kahrisak terminus in the south . It has 29 stops. The line was put into operation in sections. With the completion of the Tajrish terminus , the total length of the route will be around 28 kilometers. You can change to the other lines at the Darvāzeh-ye Dowlat (line 4) and Emām Chomeini (line 2) stops . Between the northern end point and the Shush station , the route runs 14 kilometers underground, with a 480 meter gradient. The southern section of the route runs above ground and largely parallel to the Trans-Iranian Railway of the Iranian State Railway from Tehran to Mashhad ( railway line (Tehran) -Garmsār-Mashhad ) and Gorgān .
Line 2
Line 2 has 21 stops over a total length of over 70 kilometers, the majority of which are underground. From the eastern terminus, Tehrān Pārs , it runs westwards with the option to change to line 1 at Emām Chomeini station . From there, the route continues to the western terminus Teherān (Sādeghieh) with a connection to line 5. The same type of train with seven cars is used as for line 1.
Line 3
Line 3 runs from Qāem via Rāhāhan to Āzādegān and crosses Tehran from the suburbs southwest of the center to the northeast. With a length of 37 kilometers it is the longest underground line in the whole of the Middle East. At Rāhāhan Square (Railway Square ) there is a transition to the railway - long-distance traffic in the Tehran station located there .
The first section with a length of around seven kilometers was put into operation in December 2012, and another twelve kilometers were added in April 2014. With the opening of the third construction phase with a length of 18 kilometers in autumn 2015, the route reached its current length.
Line 4
Line 4 crosses lines 1, 2 and 5. On March 15, 2016, a 2.8-kilometer extension to Tehran-Mehrabad Airport with two stops went into operation, one for Terminals 1 and 2, the second for Terminal 3 and 4. Three-part shuttle trains run from the Bimeh stop, providing additional space for luggage.
Line 5 (Tehran-Karaj-Mehrshahr-Schnellbahn)
The line 5 is a 25 kV / 50 Hz electrified full path to the normal track , but with the railway network of Iran is not connected. In contrast to him, it is completely built according to Chinese standards, both in terms of the 3.4 m wide clearance profile and the equipment of the vehicles. These have no side buffers and automatic center buffer couplings of the Janney type .
The length of the route between the Tehrān (Sādeghieh) station in the east and Golschahr station in the west is 41 kilometers. There are twelve stops along the route. The Tehrān (Sādeghieh) stop is also the western terminus of Line 2.
The trains each consist of eight double-decker cars and are driven with two locomotives each in sandwich operation . These trains are 248 meters long. The system was designed for up to ten intermediate cars per train. 59 locomotives of the TM1 to TM3 series are available for operation. The vehicles were derived from the Chinese SS8 series . They run at a top speed of 140 km / h. The line is served every ten minutes.
Line 6
The first section was opened on June 13, 2017. It leads from San'at Square to Basij and is 22 km long.
Line 7
The line runs over seven stations and is to be extended at both ends. When fully expanded, it will be 31 km long and contain nine additional stations. This stretch is the deepest, up to 56 meters below the surface of the earth. The line is served by 20 eight-car trains.
Line 8
Line 8 was initially the southwestern branch of line 1 from Shahed to Namayeshgah-e Schar-e Aftab. After the extension to Tehran's Imam Khomeini Airport went into operation on August 7, 2017, it was given the independent line number 8. It runs largely above ground, parallel to the Tehran-Qom motorway. The line is to be extended to the suburb of Parand.
Lines 9 and 10
Lines 9 and 10 are scheduled to go into operation in 2020.
Future expansion
Extensions to the existing network
The total length of Line 1 will be 28.1 kilometers in the planned final expansion (half of it underground) and serve 30 stops (18 of them underground). Deviating from the original plan from the 1970s, an extension to the north was built. The reason for this is the city's strong population growth. Traffic experts then pushed for this expansion of the network to take this into account. The line currently ends at Tajrish Square . The Chinese consortium CITIC is responsible for the construction , the contract was awarded in November 2002. In addition, an extension is currently being built in a southerly direction to Imam Khomeini Airport and a connection to Vāvān is being discussed.
An extension to the east with branches to the suburbs of Damāvand and Pardis is planned for line 2.
Construction of further lines
The expansion of the Tehran subway network is currently taking place with the construction of line 3, which is to run from northeast to southwest. Their total length should be 37 kilometers, of which 24 kilometers with 22 underground stops and 13 kilometers with ten stops above ground. It will open up the important north-south artery Vali Asr and connect the main station directly to the subway. The first section runs between Majideh in the east and Javādiyeh in the west, from there later on to Schahriyār.
Line 4 is also at an advanced stage. 11 stops are already in operation. Line 4 is to run completely underground, with the exception of one station and a section about one kilometer in length. The total length will be 20 kilometers and consist of a total of 21 stops. The first section concerns the connection from Tehran Now in the east to Āzādi Square in the west. An expansion to the domestic airport is planned from there later.
Further planning
The following routes are in planning:
- Line 6: From Bochārā'i in the southeast to Sādeghiyeh in the northwest
- Line 7: from Yusefābād in the north to Tachti Stadium in the southeast
- lines 8 and 9 are intended to connect the outer suburbs in a ring shape
useful information
The facilities for maintaining and cleaning the trains are located at the terminus in the west, south, east and Tehrān-Mehrschahr. The stations of the Tehran subway are designed with modern and traditional Persian art.
See also
Web links
- Official operator website (Persian, English)
- Network map on urbanrail.net (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Neil Robinson: World Rail Atlas . Vol. 8: The Middle East and Caucasus . 2006, p. 21.
- ↑ On the commissioning of the Haram-e-Motahar-Kahrizak section see: HaRakevet 95 (December 2011), 95:08 Other Middle East Railways, C. Iran, (i) Teheran Metro , p. 16.
- ↑ realiran.com of September 22, 2015: Rouhani inaugurates Middle East's longest subway line (English); accessed on September 20, 2016
- ^ Tehran Metro serving Mehrabad Airport . Report in HaRakhevet 113 (June 2016), p. 14.
- ^ A b H. Petrovitsch: Route electrification in Iran . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International 8–9 / 2017, p. 393.
- ↑ a b c Message C Iran (i) . In: HaRakevet 118 (September 2017). ISSN 0964-8763 , p. 16.
- ^ Message C Iran (ii) . In: HaRakevet 118 (September 2017). ISSN 0964-8763 , p. 16.