Wagon
A woman car respectively a woman compartment or ladies compartment is a certain area of a public transport facility , the only women allowed to enter. In Japan , railway companies also allow wheelchair users of both sexes to board. Boys up to the age of twelve are often allowed to use the compartments when accompanied by a woman.
Japan
In Japan, women's wagons ( Japanese 女性 専 用車 両 , josei sen'yō sharyō ) were first introduced by the Tokyo suburban railway company Keio in 2000 on some lines in the late evening. The introduction was suggested by Japanese feminists . The cars are intended as a measure against sexual harassment ( chikan ), which is common on overcrowded trains in Japan. Since then, the concept of the women's wagon has spread widely.
Today there are women's compartments in some cities in the country, not only in Tokyo but also in Kansai . The vehicles in question are not reserved for women all day long, but rather in the morning hours until 10:00 a.m. and in the evening rush hour from 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. In addition, all companies explicitly reserve the right to reopen the women's wagons for all passengers at particularly busy rush hours , i.e. when the tightness in the vehicle makes Chikan particularly easy.
At the same time, strong fundamental criticism of the women's wagons has established itself in Japan, complaining that, depending on the line, women's wagons are often set up at the head of the train or at other positions that are most favorable for getting on and off and thus discriminate against men .
The idea of women's wagons can be traced back to special mother-child compartments that were established as early as the Taishō period and then again in the 1970s.
Due to the high number of false accusations of Chikan, men’s wagons are increasingly being demanded, for example 47.5 percent of the shareholders at the 2009 shareholders' meeting of Seibu Holdings as the parent company of Seibu Tetsudō .
Germany
In Germany, too, there were compartments reserved for women, for example on the Prussian State Railways , there in all four carriage classes . Entering the women's compartments was strictly regulated. The (male) conductors were only allowed to enter the compartment to check tickets, in emergencies or at the request of the ladies traveling there and were not allowed to sit there. When the number of travelers increased considerably during the First World War , women's compartments were abolished - initially in the lower classes of trains - and then in all trains, except for workers' trains.
In 2016, women's compartments were introduced in regional trains between Leipzig-Chemnitz by the Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn (MBR) in order to strengthen the feeling of security among female passengers.
Austria
In addition to women's compartments, the Austrian Federal Railways also offer breastfeeding compartments and toddler compartments in EuroCity and InterCity traffic . In Vienna , the non-executive city councilor Ulrike Nittmann (FPÖ) called for women's wagons on the subway and tram in an interview on taking office in March 2019.
Turkey
For the Malatya trolleybus , which opened in 2015, the operator acquired two special cars for female passengers in 2017, which, thanks to their pink paintwork, also differ externally from the gray standard cars for both sexes. The special wagons run on certain courses that are listed accordingly in the timetable . Originally there were eight trips a day, but now they only run four times a day. In addition, the Bursa light rail system introduced special women's compartments in 2017.
Other countries
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Women's compartments can be found in numerous other countries. For example with the Indian Railway or the Indonesian State Railway . The former Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in the United States also used to offer this service for women, as did the British state railways on the Indian subcontinent in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
In city traffic woman compartments are mainly in Islamic dominated the Middle East to be found, such as in the Dubai Metro , the Metro Cairo , the Tehran Metro , the tram Alexandria , the trolleybus Riyadh and the trolleybus Tehran .
In Brazil , the Metrô Rio de Janeiro offers women's compartments, in South Korea the Busan subway , in Taiwan the Taipei metro and in the Philippines the Mass Rapid Transit Manila .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ilse Lenz , Michiko Mae (ed.): The women's movement in Japan. Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-14730-7 .
- ↑ 第 ４ 回 定時 株 主 総 会 招集 ご 通知 ( Eng . "Notification of the call for the 4th ordinary shareholders' meeting"). (PDF) (No longer available online.) Seibu Holdings, June 5, 2009, p. 62 , formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 17, 2009 (Japanese). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Prohibition of the stay of train attendants in women's compartments (or other compartments in which women traveling alone are) - with the threat of dismissal in the event of “the slightest offense against the inmate” . In: Eisenbahndirektion Mainz (Ed.): Collection of the published official gazettes from March 4, 1899. Volume 3, No. 10. Announcement No. 83, p. 67.
- ^ Eisenbahndirektion Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian and Grand Ducal Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz of July 17, 1915, No. 36. Announcement No. 506, p. 246.
- ↑ Eisenbahndirektion Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian and Grand Ducal Hessian Railway Directorate in Mainz of June 30, 1917, No. 35. Announcement No. 481, p. 207.
- ↑ Kate Brady: Opinion divided over women-only train compartments on eastern German route ( en ) April 16, 2016.
- ↑ Regiobahn introduces women's compartments in Saxony . March 25, 2016.
- ↑ oebb.at
- ↑ orf.at: FPÖ councilor wants women's wagons . Article dated March 29, 2019, accessed March 29, 2019.
- ↑ Increase in passengers brings new trolleybuses and expanded range Report by Jürgen Lehmann on old.trolleymotion.eu, accessed on February 26, 2019
- ↑ Turkey: West Turkish city of Bursa introduces women's compartments in trains , article from June 19, 2017 on nex24.news, accessed on September 17, 2017
