Under the gowns - must of 1000 years

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" Under the gowns - mustard of 1000 years " was the text of a banner that was unveiled to the public on November 9, 1967 in the University of Hamburg by the students and former AStA chairmen Detlev Albers and Gert Hinnerk Behlmer when the rectorate was handed over to the public. The resulting press photo has been reprinted many times, and the text of the banner is often cited as one of the essential core slogans of the German student movement of the 1960s .

The rhyming slogan "Under the gowns - Muff of 1000 years" alludes critically to the Nazi dictatorship from 1933 to 1945. In the Nazi propaganda - in connection with the "rule of National Socialism " - a " 1000-year Reich " to be established was proclaimed, which, however, would last forever and a musty smell attached to the universities. The students protested against the lack of reappraisal of the crimes of the “ Third Reich ” in West German post-war society, as well as against - with the metaphorical term “ gowns ” - elitist structures and obsolete, dubious traditions of university politics . Their democratization and the participation of the student body were called for.

action

On November 9, 1967, an official ceremony took place at the University of Hamburg to mark the handover of the rectorate from Karl-Heinz Schäfer to Werner Ehrlicher . At the celebration in the fully occupied Audimax, the chair holders, all dressed in gowns (traditional academic official costumes), stepped down a flight of stairs, with the old and new rectors at the top.

Gert Hinnerk Behlmer had folded the banner in the inside pocket of his suit. During the procession he took it out, unfolded it and carried it with Detlev Albers before the procession. The professors could not read the text and moved on; the press photographers had enough time to shoot the scene. The professor of Islamic studies Bertold Spuler called out to the students: “You all belong in the concentration camp !” He was temporarily suspended from his official business .

According to Behlmer, the historical background of November 9th played no role in the preparation of the action.

Transparent

The banner is around half a meter high and around three meters long. The basic color is black, the text is pasted on two lines in white letters made of Leukoplast with upper and lower case. The black sheet of fabric on the banner is the mourning ribbon from the funeral service for the funeral of student Benno Ohnesorg , who was shot by police officer Karl-Heinz Kurras , which took place in Hanover in June. According to Behlmer, the local AStA cut large lengths of length from a bale of black artificial silk and distributed them to the demonstrators, some of whom had traveled far. He kept his piece and stuck the letters on the evening before November 9th.

The original transparency is now in the State Archives of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg .

text

The text has occasionally been ascribed to Peter Schütt , then a research assistant at the University of Hamburg, later referred to as the “court poet” of the DKP , convert to Shiite Islam in 1990 .

Albers and Behlmer said they were stimulated by a graffito on a site fence on campus, "which went something like this: The university is stinking, and has been for 100 years."

people

In an article in the ARD / NDR magazine " Panorama " from September 2, 1999, the later neo-fascist thought leader Reinhold Oberlercher is referred to as the leader of the group.

At the time of the action, Albers was a law student in his eighth semester and had joined the SPD in 1966 . Later he was a professor at the Institute for Political Science at the University of Bremen , previously from 1996 to 2004 state chairman of the SPD Bremen . Until 2004, Behlmer was State Councilor at the Hamburg Cultural Authority. At the time of the campaign, both were members of the Social Democratic University Association .

For the fundraising campaign Ein Platz im Audimax , both of them recreated the campaign on November 9, 1997 with the original banner on the spot.

intention

In an interview for Unispiegel 6/2005 (December 5, 2005) Albers explained the reasons that prompted him and his fellow students to take the action:

“With the banner we wanted to tell the universities that they had so far avoided coming to terms with their role in the 'Third Reich'. It was also the time of the extra-parliamentary opposition to the first grand coalition : We fought against the emergency laws , against the Vietnam War and for nothing less than a revolution in society as a whole. "

In addition to the protest against the traditional, authoritarian structures of the Ordinary University, there was an allusion to the “Thousand Year Reich” in the banner. The background for this choice of words was the Nazi past of many German professors, which up until then had hardly been discussed in a self-critical way. However, it remains questionable to what extent this meaning of the slogan was perceived at the rectorate ceremony. This accusation did not play a role either in the following university committee meetings or in press coverage.

Norbert Jankowski was deputy AStA chairman in November 1967. He considers the allusion to the "Thousand Year Reich" propagated during the Nazi era to be a retrospective interpretation - also on the part of the transparent protagonists of the action. Jankowski did not notice the allusion at the time and does not assume that:

"... the others thought it through beforehand, even if they often tell it differently today." Norbert Jankowski - (Quoted from Helene Heise, topic Parole vom Bauzaun (in the series. One day - contemporary stories , on mirror online)).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Most famous press photo of the campaign, published here on ndr.de , accessed on May 23, 2018.
  2. ↑ https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/ns-regime/ns-einrichtungen.html
  3. ↑ http://www.rothenburg-unterm-hakenkreuz.de/erklaerung-der-bezeichen-deutsches-reich-drittes-reich-und-tausendjaehriges-reich-sowie-weiterhaben-des-reiches-bvg-urteile/
  4. ↑ a b : Dörthe Nath: Revolt of 1968 - "The Nazi must have been driven out". In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . November 7, 2007, accessed on May 23, 2018 (interview with Detlev Albers).
  5. ^ A b c d Armgard Seegers, Matthias Gretzschel: "I had hidden the scarf in my jacket ..." (No longer available online.) In: Hamburger Abendblatt . May 8, 2008, archived from the original on May 9, 2008 ; accessed on November 9, 2017 (interview with Gert Hinnerk Behlmer).
  6. ↑ https://www.hamburg.de/clp/dabeigewesene-dokumente/clp1/ns-dabeigewesene/onepage.php?BIOID=977
  7. ^ Universities / Hamburg: Muff in the gown . In: Der Spiegel . No. 48 , 1967, p. 84 ( Online - Nov. 20, 1967 ). Götz Aly : Our fight. 1968 - an irritated look back. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 2008, ISBN 3-10-000421-3 , p. 70.
  8. ↑ Professor Spuler suspended. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . November 17, 1967. Retrieved November 9, 2017 . Nov. 9, 1967. In: Die Welt . November 29, 1999, accessed November 9, 2017 .
  9. ^ Under the gowns Muff of 1000 years. (No longer available online.) In: Abacho . November 7, 2007, archived from the original on October 23, 2017 ; accessed on May 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The mustache under the robes. In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk . April 12, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2018 . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abacho.com
  10. ↑ Norddeutscher Rundfunk (Ed.): The NDR quiz show. The light of the north. Schlütersche, Hannover 2005, ISBN 3-89993-713-9 , p. 85.
    The mustache staged under the gown. (No longer available online.) In: Goslarsche Zeitung . 2008, formerly in the original ; accessed on May 23, 2018 .  (     Page no longer available , search in web archives ) @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.goslarsche.de Raimund Neuss: 40 years after '68: "All the Nazi shit from yesterday". In: Kölnische Rundschau . June 22, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2018 .
  11. ↑ From Mao to Hitler: student leaders of 68 as right-wing radicals
  12. ^ Page 109 Mahler, Maschke & Co .: Right thinking in the 1968 movement? Book by Manuel Seitenbecher, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, December 8, 2013 - 557 pages
  13. ↑ Thilo Scholle, Jan Schwarz: "Whose world is the world?" History of the Jusos . 2nd Edition. JHW Dietz Nachf. , Bonn 2019, ISBN 978-3-8012-0564-5 , p. 145 f .
  14. ↑ From protester to donor. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . November 10, 1997, p. 13 , archived from the original on July 28, 2014 ; accessed on May 23, 2018 . Photo in: Quote of the day: Under the gowns. In: Spiegel Online . November 14, 2002, accessed May 23, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Jan Friedmann: Apo-Veteran Albers: "We only knew unemployment from books in 1968". In: Spiegel Online . February 6, 2006, accessed May 23, 2018 .
  16. ↑ https://www.zeitgeschichte-hamburg.de/files/fzh/pdf/19%20Tage%20Hamburg-Nicolaysen%209.11.1967.pdf
  17. ↑ https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/das-ende-der-talare-a-948827.html