Vasoactive intestinal peptide
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 28 amino acids | |
| Precursor | (170 aa) | |
| Isoforms | 2 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | VIP ; MGC13587; PHM27 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Euteleostomi | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 7432 | 22353 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000146469 | ENSMUSG00000019772 |
| UniProt | P01282 | P32648 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_003381 | NM_011702 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_003372 | NP_035832 |
| Gene locus | Chr 6: 153.11 - 153.12 Mb | Chr 10: 4.7 - 4.71 Mb |
| PubMed search | 7432 |
22353
|
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a gastrointestinal (found in the digestive tract ) peptide hormone that consists of 28 amino acids .
VIP is formed in the duodenum (duodenum) when fats appear there. It is similar to glucagon and secretin in its chemical structure and effect. VIP acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the neurons of the central nervous system and in parasympathetic nerve fibers. Its half-life in the blood is about two minutes.
The biological functions of VIP are mediated via two receptors of type 1 (VPAC1R) and type 2 (VPAC2R).
effect
VIP causes the smooth muscles in the stomach , intestines , trachea and bronchi as well as blood vessels to relax and is therefore also a systemic and pulmonary arterial vasodilator . VIP also increases the secretion of HCO 3 - in the intestines, pancreas and liver and inhibits gastric acid secretion. VIP also intervenes in the regulation of mucus production in the airways and also inhibits blood clotting .
An overproduction of the hormone can be prepared by the VIPoma ( vipoma ) arise and this leads to W ässrigen D iarrhoen , H ypokaliämie and A chlorhydrie why it as WDHA syndrome is referred to.
Studies
Studies are currently being carried out in patients with severe pulmonary artery hypertension . The inhalation of VIP four times a day in a total dose of 200 µg / day leads to a significant improvement in performance and hemodynamic parameters without showing any significant side effects .
Since VIP not only dilates the pulmonary vessels but also the airways and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, it is now also used in clinical studies for the treatment of severe forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma .
Further work is aimed at synthesizing synthetic analogues with improved properties such as an extension of the half-life.
Research history
VIP was first obtained from an insulinoma by Gardner and Cerda in 1966 and isolated from the small intestine of pigs by Said and Mutt in 1972 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ JD Gardner, JJ Cerda: In vitro inhibition of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transfer by a non-beta islet cell tumor. In: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Volume 123, Number 2, November 1966, pp. 361-364, ISSN 0037-9727 . PMID 4288632 .
- ↑ Said SI, Mutt V. Isolation from porcine-intestinal wall of a vasoactive octacosapeptide related to secretin and to glucagon. In: Eur J Biochem. 1972 Jul 13; 28 (2): 199-204.