Verzetskruis
| Verzetskruis | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Awarded by the Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
| Art | Orders / decorations / medals |
| Awarded for | Particular courage in the resistance against the German occupation (1940–1945) |
| status | Is no longer awarded |
| Data | |
| Motto | Trouw dead in the dood |
| Foundation year | May 3, 1946 |
| First awarded | May 7, 1946 |
| Last award | September 13, 1955 |
| Awards | 95 |
| Awarded posthumously | 93 |
| Precedence | |
| Next higher award | Military Wilhelms Order |
The Verzetskruis (German: Resistance Cross ) is a Dutch medal that was awarded after the Second World War to women and men who had resisted the German Wehrmacht and authorities during the war .
history
After the liberation of the Netherlands in May 1945, it became necessary to introduce a new order that was not intended for military personnel, but for members of resistance groups. In the resistance movement itself, there was opposition to the introduction of an award, as every act of resistance during the war should be considered equal. But after the Dutch had been honored with medals from other countries such as the British King’s Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom and the US Medal of Freedom , the Dutch government disregarded these concerns. In addition, it was a personal wish of Queen Wilhelmina that the resistance should be honored.
On November 28, 1945 the Dutch government commissioned the Rijksmunt to design a medal. The design came from the sculptor Oswald Wenckebach . The Verzetskruis was finally introduced by royal decree of May 3, 1946 . It is considered the second highest Dutch award after the Military William Order .
According to the selection criteria, it was possible for living people to be awarded the Verzetskruis , but in order to meet the concerns of the resistance groups, it was only awarded posthumously to the deceased. The only exception was the blind Gerard Tieman , who had lost his eyesight while handling explosives in preparation for attacks. The medal was also awarded to foreigners, such as resistance fighters from Belgium. A medal was symbolically awarded to the onbekende Joodse soldaat uit het Ghetto te Warsaw die gevallen is strijdende voor de vrijheid van alle volken (German = unknown Jewish soldiers from the Warsaw ghetto who fell in the struggle for the freedom of all peoples ).
Recipient of the award
| Naam | Profession / function |
Born died | Royal decree |
Date d. Award |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herman Jan van Aalderen | Nederlandse Spoorwegen | Zwolle, October 4, 1886 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , May 31, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Pieter van As | Nederlandse Spoorwegen | Rotterdam, January 25, 1899 Leusden , December 29, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Markus Assies | official | Ooststellingwerf, January 26, 1919 Overveen, June 6, 1944 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Jan Jozua Barendsen | Military man | Amsterdam, September 11, 1882 Apeldoorn, October 2, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Jacobus Andreas Beekman | engineer | Delft, August 17, 1912 Dordrecht, June 8, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Hendrikus Dirk Jan Beernink | Nederlandse Spoorwegen | Lichtenvoorde, February 3, 1910 Zwolle, February 8, 1945 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Laurens Rijnhart Beijnen | Sieve plate manufacturer | Hum, September 23, 1896. Hum, April 13, 1945 |
No. 10 | December 22, 1952 |
| Cornelia Johanna van den Berg-van der Vlis | The Hague, October 28, 1892 Vries, September 8, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 | |
| Ludo Bleys | priest | Tilburg, October 17, 1906 Gorinchem, August 17, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Gerrit de Boer | Shoe retailer | Meppel, July 26, 1923 Meppel, December 24, 1944 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Arend Andries Bontekoe | Captain Koninklijk Dutch-Indian Leger |
Naarden, October 13, 1895 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , January 13, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Edzard Jacob Bosch van Rosenthal | Dikemaster | Dordrecht, May 27, 1892 Almen, April 2, 1945 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Dirk Arie van den Bosch | Pastor Deputy Chairman of the NCRV |
Hazerswoude, October 23, 1884 Amersfoort transit camp , March 20, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Iman Jacob van den Bosch | Head of Department Philips | Groningen, May 30, 1891 Westerbork transit camp , October 28, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jan Harm Bosch | Tax auditor | Nijkerk, June 21, 1900 Enschede, April 1, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jacob Carel Julius Baron Brantsen | Functionary Red Cross , Paris | Angerlo, October 24, 1877 Buchenwald concentration camp , December 9, 1944 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Arthur Lucien Charroin | Inspector Sûreté nationale |
Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues, June 16, 1906 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , February 1945 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Fritz Gerhard Marie Conijn | student | Alkmaar, June 27, 1923 Herzogenbusch concentration camp , September 5, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Marius Crans | Indologist | Zwolle, October 1, 1917 Batavia, November 23, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Roelof Jan Dam | Headmaster | Barneveld, November 18, 1896 Assen, April 10, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Freerk Datema | Bank clerk | Oosterhesselen, April 30, 1922 Assen, December 30, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Karel Hendrik Derkzen van Angeren | Lawyer | Hof van Delft, February 2, 1903, Klingelpütz , Cologne , November 25, 1943 |
number 1 | October 22, 1946 |
| Hendrik Dienske | Lieutenant in the reserve | Schiedam, June 30, 1907 Helmstedt, February 16, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jan Louis Guillaume Doornik | Officer Forces françaises libres | Paris, June 26, 1905 Paris, August 29, 1941 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Vital Dreyfus | doctor | Besançon, October 2, 1901 in the Pyrenees , December 1942 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Nicolas Dupont | Gendarme | Kerling, July 27, 1900 Lübeck, May 3, 1945 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Franciscus Duwaer | Print shop director | Amsterdam, January 1, 1911 Overveen, June 10, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Samuel Esmeijer | Employee of the municipal police | Driebergen, December 20, 1920 Apeldoorn, November 29, 1944 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Gustaaf Henri Gelder | college student | Batavia, July 8, 1919 The Hague, January 21, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Joan Gelderman | Lawyer | Oldenzaal, November 18, 1918 Herzogenbusch concentration camp , September 4, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Wim Gertenbach | Printer / editor | Zandvoort, March 14, 1904 Soesterberg, February 5, 1943 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Etienne Albert Giran | priest | Vauvert, August 17, 1871 Buchenwald concentration camp , September 13, 1944 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Olivier Giran | college student | Sèvres, September 14, 1920 Angers, April 16, 1943 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Kees de Groot | KLM employee |
The Hague, October 13, 1913 Amsterdam, March 8, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Paul Gustave Sidonie Guermonprez | Director (Nederlandsche Unie) | Ghent, December 28, 1908 Overveen, June 10, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Albertus Hahn | Piano manufacturer | Groningen, May 12, 1885 Neuengamme concentration camp , February 17, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Walraven van Hall | banker | Amsterdam, February 10, 1906 Haarlem, February 12, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johan Coenraad Heriold Folmer van Hanxleden Houwert |
Merchant | Medemblik, April 8, 1906 Limmen-Uitgeest, January 7, 1945 |
No. 10 | December 22, 1951 |
| Theodore Willem Lodewijk van Heemstra | Chief Engineer Nederlandse Spoorwegen |
Sassenheim, March 27, 1883 Zutphen, March 31, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johannes Jacobus Hendrikx | Teacher | Venlo, February 17, 1917 On the transport to the Sachsenhausen or Neuengamme concentration camp , February 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johannes Louis Hesselberg | Student TH Delft | Madioen, August 22, 1919 Herzogenbusch concentration camp , August 30, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Wolter Jacobus Heukels | Head of PTT | Deventer, June 23, 1892 Utrecht, January 22, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Izaak van der Horst | Notary employee | Aarlanderveen, March 4, 1909 Herzogenbusch concentration camp , September 4, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johannes ter Horst | baker | Enschede, April 1, 1913 Usselo, September 23, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Hendrik Pieter Hos | Laboratory assistant | Haarlem, December 1, 1906 Waalsdorpervlakte , May 11, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jozef Felix Henri Marie Baron van Hövell van Wezeveld en Westerflier |
Law student | Maastricht, January 12, 1919 Neuengamme concentration camp , January 5, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Bernardus IJzerdraat | Teacher / tapestry restorer | Haarlem, October 13, 1891 Waalsdorpervlakte , March 13, 1941 |
No. 14 | September 13, 1955 |
| Louis Jansen | Representative | Amsterdam, March 28, 1900 Waalsdorpervlakte , October 9, 1943 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Andries Kalter | Vegetable wholesaler | Rotterdam, November 11, 1904 Zwolle, March 21, 1945 |
No. 4 | 7th December 1951 |
| Gerrit Kastein | neurologist | Zutphen, June 25, 1910 The Hague, February 19, 1943 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Albert Keuter | priest | Blokzijl, January 7, 1892 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , March 10, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Taeke Johan Kroeze | college student | Ermelo, April 13, 1920 Apeldoorn, December 2, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Dirk Mara Rijk Hendrik Kroon | Electrical engineer | The Hague, May 27, 1909 Limmen-Uitgeest, January 7, 1945 |
No. 10 | December 22, 1951 |
| Helena Theodora Kuipers-Rietberg |
Chair of Gereformeerde Vrouwenvereeniging in Nederland |
Winterswijk, May 26, 1893 Ravensbrück concentration camp , December 27, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Arthur Meerwaldt | Lawyer | Amsterdam, October 23, 1918 Escherhausen, January 8, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jan Mekel | University professor TH Delft | Bedum, December 22, 1891 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , May 2, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Job Daniël van Melle | Accountant | Goes, May 26, 1897 Amsterdam, April 14, 1945 |
No. 10 | December 22, 1951 |
| Denis Claire Baudouin Mesritz | Lawyer | The Hague, November 16, 1919 Rathenow, March 16, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Marie-Loise Clémentine Meunier | Shopkeeper | Genas, February 15, 1890 Ravensbrück concentration camp , January 25, 1945 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Julius Josephus Mohr | Director of KLM , Paris | Haarlem, February 1, 1893 Buchenwald concentration camp , February 5, 1945 |
No. 5 | May 20, 1950 |
| Jan Leo Moonen | Priest, Secretary to the Bishop of Roermond |
Heerlen, August 31, 1895 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , April 2, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Adrianus Cornelis Nagtegaal | Carpenter | Mijdrecht, July 22, 1912 Apeldoorn, January 10, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 22, 1952 |
| Frederik Nieuwenhuijsen | insurer | Amsterdam, October 3, 1905 Haarlem-Noord, February 12, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Bob Oosthoek | actor | Rotterdam, June 25, 1912 near Hengelo, October 12, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jacobus Oranje | University professor Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
Berkel en Rodenrijs, July 27, 1898 Amsterdam, April 6, 1946 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Tjeerd Pannekoek | Trade unionists, politicians | Kloosterburen, December 1, 1886 Mauthausen concentration camp , December 18, 1944 |
No. ? | ? |
| Johannes Post | farmer | Hollandscheveld, October 4, 1906 Overveen, July 16, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Albert Jan Rozeman | Community worker | Zaandijk, March 29, 1914 Overveen, June 6, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Victor Henri Rutgers | University professors, politicians | Den Bosch, December 16, 1877 Bochum, February 5, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Frits Rudolf Ruys | college student | Rotterdam, December 23, 1917 Rotterdam, November 3, 1944 |
No. 14 | December 22, 1952 |
| Willem Santema | Shopkeeper | Scharnegoutum, March 2, 1902, Herzogenbusch concentration camp , August 10, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Jannetje Johanna Schaft | Law student Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
Haarlem, September 16, 1920 Bloemendaal, April 17, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johan Schimmelpenninck | Director in the wine trade | Rhenen, September 30, 1887 Leusden , July 29, 1943 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker | University professor TH Delft | Roermond, October 5, 1886 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , May 3, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Geert Schoonman | soldier | Wormerveer, August 31, 1917 Twente airfield, October 13, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| Willem Pieter Speelman | Student VU Amsterdam | Vlagtwedde, January 20, 1919 Halfweg, February 19, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Marinus van der Stoep | Operations manager | Beesd, September 27, 1917 Rotterdam, April 9, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Benjamin Marius Telders | University professor at Leiden University | The Hague, March 19, 1903 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp , April 6, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Antonius Otto Hermannus Tellegen | Director of the community health service in Zeist |
Zwolle, May 25, 1907 Overveen, October 23, 1943 |
No. 10 | December 22, 1951 |
| Oltman Reinder Thomsen | Supervision assistant NS | Leeuwarden, November 5, 1910 Heveskes, April 28, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
|
Gerard Tieman ( not posthumous ) |
Students at a laboratory technician school | Amsterdam, March 1, 1926 | No. 5 | July 9, 1946 |
| Titus Willem de Tourton Bruyns | Inspector of the Domaine Teteringen | Teteringen, May 14, 1898 Buchenwald concentration camp , April 6, 1943 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Leendert Marinus Valstar | gardener | Naaldwijk, August 10, 1908 Herzogenbusch concentration camp , September 4, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Gerrit van der Veen | sculptor | Amsterdam, November 26, 1902 Overveen, June 10, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| David Verloop | Lawyer at Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht | Utrecht, January 8, 1921 Brussels, March 7, 1944 |
number 1 | October 22, 1946 |
| Mathilde Adrienne Eugénie Verspyck | Semarang, June 16, 1908 Ravensbrück concentration camp , February 11, 1945 |
number 1 | October 22, 1946 | |
| Pierre Marie Robert Versteegh | Officer Koninklijke Marechaussee | Kedoengbanten, June 6, 1888 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , May 3, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Cornelis Vlot | Chairman of the Nederlandsch Jongelings Verbond |
Koudekerke, November 29, 1906 Haarlem, October 26, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Gabrielle Weidner | Brussels, August 17, 1914 Frankfurt a / d Oder, February 15, 1945 |
number 1 | May 23, 1950 | |
| Johan Hendrik Westerveld | sales Manager | Haarlem, August 21, 1880 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , May 3, 1942 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Herman Bernard Wiardi Beckman | Arbeiderspers , politicians | Nijmegen, February 4, 1904 Dachau concentration camp , March 15, 1945 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Johannes Wilhelmus Wildschut | official | Den Bosch, November 28, 1913 Leonberg, January 31, 1945 |
No. 14 | December 16, 1952 |
| Johan Reinier Ernest Wüthrich | Director in Commerce | Coevorden, December 9, 1903 Haarlem, October 26, 1944 |
No. 17 | May 7, 1946 |
| Lammert Zwanenburg | farmer | Oudehorne [according to Schoterland], June 22, 1894 Westerbork transit camp , October 19, 1944 |
No. 58 | July 25, 1952 |
| The unknown Jewish soldier from the Warsaw Ghetto who died fighting for the freedom of all peoples | No. 4 | October 17, 1947 | ||
Web links
- Verzetskruis 1940-1945 (VKN) (recipient). ww2awards.com, accessed August 7, 2017 .
- WM Bakker: Binnen het verzet was iedereen gelijk. In: digibron.nl. January 21, 1994, accessed August 7, 2017 (nl_NL).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Verzetskruis 1940-1945 (VKN). ww2awards.com, accessed August 7, 2017 (Dutch).