Viannos
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Viannos municipality Δήμος Βιάννου |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : |
 Greece
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| Region : | Crete | ||
| Regional District : | Heraklion | ||
| Geographic coordinates : | 35 ° 3 ' N , 25 ° 25' E | ||
| Area : | 221.539 km² | ||
| Residents : | 5,563 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 25.1 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community logo: |
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| Seat: | Ano Viannos | ||
| LAU-1 code no .: | 7103 | ||
| Districts : | no | ||
| Local self-government : | 16 local communities | ||
| Website: | www.viannos.gov.gr | ||
| Location in the Crete region | |||
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Viannos ( Greek Βιάννος ( f. Sg. )) Is a municipality (Δήμος, Dimos ) in the southeast of the regional district of Heraklion on the Greek Mediterranean island of Crete . The island forms one of the 13 regions of Greece .
The name of the community and its seat is Ano Viannos with 984 inhabitants, 774 of them in the actual village. The place is about five kilometers from the south coast in the interior of the island. As a municipality, Viannos has 5,563 inhabitants (as of 2011).
location
Viannos is located on the southern side of the Dikti Mountains, about 65 km southeast of Heraklion and 40 km from Ierapetra .
The municipality, in which numerous traditionally preserved farming villages are located, is mountainous, and several valleys and gorges with streams and lush vegetation stretch to the sparsely populated coast.
economy
The main agricultural product is olive oil . In the past few decades the cultivation of bananas and early vegetables in greenhouse crops has become particularly important in the area of Arvi, Keratokambos, Faflangos, Psari Forada and Tersta .
Tourism plays a not entirely insignificant role.
history
Traces of settlement from the earliest times have been found in numerous places in the municipality. Traces of early Minoan settlement from the 3rd millennium BC were found on the Keratos and Kefala Chondrou mountains , traces from the earlier Minoan palace period, a sanctuary from the 9th to 7th centuries BC and a palm capital based on Egyptian models were found at Afrati the 9th to 7th centuries.
The village of Arvi also has an uninterrupted history of settlement since the early Minoan period. At Kato Symi, the sanctuary built on several terraces at Symi with a cult tradition from the Middle Minoan to the Hellenistic period was excavated; in Greek times Hermes and Aphrodite were worshiped here, as evidenced by votive offerings.
After the death of around twelve soldiers of the German Wehrmacht by partisans near Kato Symi , on September 14, 1943 , at least 358 men, women and children of the village were executed on the orders of Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller , then commander of the 22nd Infantry Division in Greece and the district of Ano Viannos and several surrounding villages burned down - the "Viannos massacre". A memorial with a chapel, memorial plaques and a museum on the main road between Ano Viannos and Amiras (Αμιράς Ηρακλείου) reminds of this . The incident is known, for example, in Anglo-Saxon and in Greece as the " Holocaust of Viannos" (Ολοκαύτωμα της Βιάννου).
Memorial at Amiras
The memorial consists of memorial plaques on the right-hand side that show the names of the murdered. A poem by Vasilis Rotas (1889–1977) can be read carved on four stone tablets (Greek, English, French and German):
"PASSIVE WARNING - HERE ARE BODIES BELOW - THAT HAVE NEVER BEEN CHEAP, WHO HAVE NEVER LIED - WHO HAVE NEVER WALKED TO TYRANS. WARNING - THINK ABOUT YOU WITH PURE THOUGHTS AND WHEN YOU ENJOY THIS BEAUTIFUL LIGHT - AND YOU CAN WALK HERE WITHOUT FEAR AND IF YOU ARE LOVED - AND LOVED YOURSELF - AND ALL THE BEST THAT YOU HAVE IN LIFE GOT THEM TO YOU. V. ROTAS "
Inscription (German)
Memorial steles with the names of the murdered
Monument at Amiras
Relief depicting the massacre
Sculpture at the memorial
Districts
The municipality of Viannos was formed in 1997. It consists of 16 local communities, which in turn usually include a number of villages and settlements:
- Local community Ano Viannos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Άνω Βιάννου), 984 pop.
- Ano Viannos (Άνω Βιάννος), pop. 774, on the southern slope of the Dikti at a height of 560 m on the edge of a main town and administrative seat of the municipality lined with olive trees, a picturesque whitewashed village with narrow streets in which the Cretan costume can still be seen is.
- Agia Moni (Αγία Μονή); Ten monks still live in the monastery dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God (Κοίμηση της Θεοτόκου);
- Agios Nikolaos (Άγιος Νικόλαος), uninhabited
- Kapsali (Καψάλη), 27 pop.
- Keratokambos (Κερατόκαμπος), 81 inhabitants, coastal town with a pebble beach
- Loutraki Viannou (Λουτράκι Βιάννου), 65 pop., At a height of 720 m, with a church of the Annunciation
- Monombouka (Μονομπούκα), 27 pop.
- Local community Agios Vasilios (Τοπική Κοινότητα Αγίου Βασιλείου), 440 pop.
- Agios Vasilios (Αγίος Βασιλείος), 180 pop.
- Latomia Agiou Vasiliou (Λατόμια Αγίου Βασιλείου), 6 pop.
- Nea Arvi (Νέα Άρβη), pop. 239.
- Xerokambos (Ξερόκαμπος), 15 pop.
- Local community Amiras (Τοπική Κοινότητα Αμιρά), 818 pop.
- Amiras (Αμιρά), 327 pop.
- Arvi (Άρβη), 362, inh., 12 km below Amiras at the exit of a gorge on the coast, with extensive greenhouse cultures and a long pebble beach; Above the village is the monastery of Agios Antonios.
- Kolymbi (Κολύμποι), 88 pop.
- Pateles (Πατέλες), 41 pop.
- Local community Afrati (Τοπική Κοινότητα Αφρατίου)
- Afrati (Αφρατί), 151 pop.
- Local community Vachos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Βαχού), 113 pop.
- Vachos (Βαχός), 63 pop.
- Vachoudianos Xerokambos (Βαχουδιανός Ξερόκαμπος), 50 pop.
- Local community Embaros (Τοπική Κοινότητα Εμπάρου), 323 pop.
- Embaros (Έμπαρος), pop. 247.
- Thomadiano (Θωμαδιανό), 76 pop.
- Local community Kalami (Τοπική Κοινότητα Καλαμίου), 433 pop.
- Agia Paraskevi (Αγία Παρασκευή), 32 pop.
- Faflangos (Φαφλάγκος), uninhabited
- Kalami (Καλάμι), 9 pop.
- Kato Vigles (Κάτω Βίγλες), uninhabited
- Psari Forada (Ψαρή Φοράδα), 100 pop.
- Skafidia (Σκαφίδια), 1 pop.
- Stavria (Σταυριά), uninhabited
- Syndonia (Συνδονία), pop. 292.
- Local community Kato Viannos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Κάτω Βιάννου), 115 pop.
- Kato Viannos (Κάτω Βιάννος), 108 pop.
- Kato Symi (Κάτω Σύμη), 107 pop .; the village was only partially rebuilt after the destruction by the German Wehrmacht in 1943; the destruction can still be seen today.
- Loutraki Symis (Λουτράκι Σύμης), 31 pop.
- Mesi (Μέση), 7 pop.
- Local community Kefalovrysi (Τοπική Κοινότητα Κεφαλοβρυσίου), 151 pop.
- Kefalovrysi (Κεφαλοβρύσι), 128 pop.
- Krevvatas (Κρεββατάς), 23 pop.
- Local community Martha (Τοπική Κοινότητα Μάρθας)
- Martha (Μάρθα), 178 pop.
- Local community Milliarades (Τοπική Κοινότητα Μιλλιαράδων)
- Milliarades (Μιλλιαράδες), 212 pop.
- Local community Xeniakos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Ξενιάκου), 235 pop.
- Katofygi (Κατωφύγι), 118 pop.
- Xeniakos (Ξενιάκος), 117 pop.
- Local community Pefkos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Πεύκου), 340 pop.
- Agios Dimitrios (Άγιος Δημήτριος), 4 pop.
- Ano Kornias (Άνω Κόρνιας), 3 pop.
- Kokkalara (Κοκκαλαρά), uninhabited
- Latomia Pefkou (Λατόμια Πεύκου), 17 pop.
- Pefkos (Πεύκος), 316 pop.
- Local community Sykologos (Τοπική Κοινότητα Συκολόγου), 396 pop.
- Ano Vigla (Άνω Βίγλα), 3 pop.
- Sykologos (Συκολόγος), 314 pop.
- Tertsa (Τέρτσα), 79 pop.
- Local community Chondros (Τοπική Κοινότητα Χόνδρου), 547 pop.
- Agios Ioannis (Άγιος Ιωάννης), 33 pop.
- Chondros (Χόνδρος), 138 pop.
- Dermatos (Δέρματος), 19 pop.
- Fraskomilia (Φασκομηλιά), 13 pop.
- Kastri (Καστρί), 234 pop.
- Pervola (Περβόλα), 110 pop.
Attractions
- Church of Agia Pelagia in Ano Viannos, built in 1360, with preserved frescoes
- Agios Georgios Church in a valley below Ano Viannos, built in 1401, with frescoes by Ioannis Moussouros
- Church of Agios Georgios in Embaros, built 1436/37, with frescoes by Manuel Phokas
- Folklore museum at the western exit of Ano Viannos
- modern memorial near Amiras to commemorate those killed in 1943
- On the Kerato hill near Keratokambos is the 200 m long cave "Vigla" with stalagmites and stalactites
Personalities
The Cretan journalist and novelist Ioannis Kondilakis (1862-1920), whose stories served as the basis for several films, was born in Ano Viannos.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Hartmut Beister: Aphration. In: Siegfried Lauffer (Ed.): Greece. Lexicon of Historic Places. CH Beck, Munich 1989, p. 124.
- ↑ Hartmut Beister: Amiras. In: Siegfried Lauffer (Ed.): Greece. Lexicon of Historic Places. CH Beck, Munich 1989, p. 102.
- ↑ Hartmut Beister: Kato Symi. In: Siegfried Lauffer (Ed.): Greece. Lexicon of Historic Places. CH Beck, Munich 1989, p. 314.
- ↑ The massacre near Viannos (with photos of the Wehrmacht)
- ↑ The massacres at Viannos and Ierapetra ( Memento of the original of October 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Viannos and surroundings (English)
- ↑ Marlen von Xylander: The German occupation rule on Crete 1941-1945, In: Individual writings on military history, Vol. 32, Freiburg, 1989
- ↑ Data and pictures from the massacres of 1943/1944 in Crete
- ↑ http://german.imdb.de/name/nm1487162/
