Vicia johannis
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Vicia johannis , also known as black broad bean, is a species of plant from the genus Vetch ( Vicia ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family(Fabaceae). For the two species Vicia johannis Tamamsch. and Vicia narbonensis L. the common name mouse vetch is used, but they should not be confused.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Vicia johannis is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 80 centimeters. Habitually it looks similar to the broad bean ( Vicia faba ). The upright stems are unbranched or, more rarely, branched with branches rising up at the base. The stems are 3 to 5 millimeters thick, square and grooved, with rough hairs on the edges and hollow.
The alternate leaves are pinnate. The lower leaves have a short, pointed central rib and only a pair of pinnate leaves; the upper ones have a tendril and two to three pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are 3 to 5 centimeters long and 2 to 4 centimeters wide and obovate or elliptical and glabrous only on the edge and on the underside of the nerves. The leaves turn black as they dry. The stipules are large, broad, semi-heart-shaped, with entire margins or serrated. The upper stipules often have nectaries .
Generative characteristics
The flowers are on short stalks, individually, in pairs or less often up to six in the leaf axils. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The chalice is crooked to bell-shaped. The calyx teeth are of unequal length; the lowest tooth is about as long as the calyx tube, the upper ones are much shorter. The five dirty-purple to peach-red petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag is veined in lead gray. The wings are more bluish. The front of the shuttle is black-violet.
The legume , 3 to 6 centimeters long and 1 to 1.5 centimeters thick, is densely covered at the seams with almost spiky hair sitting on nodules, but balding on the surfaces. The legumes contain four to six seeds. The seeds are 8 to 10 millimeters in size, dark purple-brown to black with a brown, whitish navel in the central stripe.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.
Occurrence
The distribution area is the Mediterranean . Vicia johannis occurs in southern Europe from Spain to Greece and in Western Asia in Turkey , Syria and Transcaucasia . Vicia johannis inhabits areas in Central Europe with a very mild climate in vineyards and bushes. In Germany , it is probably only permanently overgrown on the Isteiner Klotz ; however, it only appears here now and then. Otherwise it has only been introduced into Central Europe temporarily or is seldom grown. In Germany, Vicia johannis is considered an unstable neophyte .
Vicia johannis thrives best on warm, nutrient-rich and alkaline- rich clay soils . It occurs particularly in the plant communities of the Kalkäcker in the Fumario-Euphorbion association .
Taxonomy
The first description of Vicia johannis was in 1954 by the botanist Sophia G. Tamamschjan (1901-1981), in Flora Azerbaidzhana , 5, p. 495, 552. A synonym of Vicia johannis Tamamsch. is Vicia narbonensis auct. non L.
literature
- A. Wörz: Vicia L. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 . Page 361–362.
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Volume IV, part 3. Carl Hanser Verlag Munich 1926, reprint 1964. Pages 1553–1556. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 614.
- ↑ Data from ILDIS - World Database of Legumes 2010: Vicia johannis. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Vicia johannis Tamamsch .. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Vicia johannis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 27, 2015.
Web links
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Günther Blaich: data sheet with photos.
- Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: data sheet at Flora von Deutschland - a picture database , version 2.94.
- Data sheet with distribution in France and photos at Tela Botanica .