Vikramaditya
_with_a_Sea_Harrier.jpg) The Vikramaditya in January 2014
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The Vikramaditya is an aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy . It was originally built as the fourth flight deck cruiser of Project 1143 (NATO: Kiev class ) of the Soviet Navy and used under the name Baku . From 1991 the Russian Navy used the ship as Admiral Gorschkow ( Russian Адмирал Горшков ). Some changes compared to the three predecessors have been implemented, it is also referred to as Project 1143M .
history
Soviet and Russian navies
The Baku was laid down in December 1978 in the Black Sea Shipyard of the USSR in Nikolajew . It was launched on March 31, 1982 and was completed in December 1987. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the ship was transferred to the Russian naval fleet in 1991 and renamed Admiral Gorschkow ( Russian Адмирал Горшков ) after Fleet Admiral Sergei Georgijewitsch Gorschkow , as the city of Baku is located in the now independent state of Azerbaijan .
The main armament consisted of VTOL aircraft Yak-38 , anti-submarine helicopter Kamow Ka-27 and ship-to-ship missiles.
In 1994, after an explosion on board, the ship had to be in the shipyard until 1995. In 1996 the flight deck cruiser was decommissioned.
Indian Navy
On January 20, 2004, the Admiral Gorshkov was to be sold to India for 1 billion US dollars. In 2008 there was talk of a price increase to 2.2 billion US dollars. In 2004, work began on the Sevmash shipyard in Severodvinsk . The ship was completely rebuilt; Among other things, a STOBAR system was installed in order to be able to use conventional Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 K aircraft . The ship-to-ship missile armament on the forecastle was removed for this purpose.
The start of sea trials in the White Sea was scheduled for May 2013 for July of that year. In May, a considerable part of the interior work was not yet completed and the paintwork below the waterline had to be renewed.
The carrier was finally handed over to the Indian Navy on November 15, 2013 and reached its Indian home port of Karwar in Karnataka in January 2014 after a six-week crossing. In May 2014, after the training of the newly acquired MiG-29K flight squadrons that were put into service, the carrier was fully operational and it took part in a Western Fleet exercise for the first time .
At the beginning of 2020, aircraft of the Indian type LCA Navy landed on the aircraft carrier for the first time .
technology
The fourth of the "Project 1143" flight deck cruiser had some differences from the rest of the class, as it served as a technology carrier for the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov . The most obvious is the massive planar array above the bridge, the antenna for the Mars Passat “Sky Watch” 3D air surveillance radar, which is comparable to the American SCANFAR radar. Like the SCANFAR system, “Sky Watch” also proved to be unreliable.
The biggest change was the replacement of the M-11 Schtorm and 4K33-Osa-AKM anti-aircraft systems with eight 24-fold 3K95 Kinschal rocket starters . This made room for two more P-500 Basalt ship-to-ship missiles. The Kiev's two double-barreled 76-mm guns were replaced by two single- barreled 100-mm guns and the RPK-1 Wichr anti-submarine missiles were removed.
The aircraft equipment corresponded to that of the other ships in the Kiev class, consisting of a fleet of twelve Jakowlew Jak-38 - V / STOL aircraft (until their decommissioning in 1992), twelve ASW / SAR helicopters Kamow Ka-27 and two AEW helicopter Ka-31. Flight operations were supported by the unmistakable new TACAN radar.
Flight tests with the Jak-141
The Baku was used in 1991 for landing tests with the supersonic vertical takeoff Jakowlew Jak-141 . On September 26, 1991, test pilot Andrei Sinizin landed vertically on the Baku for the first time (with the third prototype 48-2), followed an hour later by Vladimir A. Jakimow with the 48-3. Eight more take-offs and landings followed. On October 5, 1991, Yakimov crash-landed on the flight deck. The landing gear pierced a fuel tank and the Jak-141 went up in flames. After about 30 seconds, Yakimov catapulted himself from the plane and was rescued from the sea shortly afterwards.
literature
- В. П. Заблоцкий: Тяжелый авианесущий крейсер "Киев" . Морская коллекция 7 (55) 2003. (for example: Wladimir Sablozki: Heavy flight deck cruiser "Kiev". In: Marine Collection number 7 (55) 2003, Russian)
- Сергей Балакин, Владимир Заблоцкий: Советские авианосцы. Авианесущие крейсера адмирала Горшкова. (For example: Sergei Balakin, Wladimir Sablozki: Soviet aircraft carriers. [The] flight deck cruiser Admiral Gorshkov. ) 2007, ISBN 978-5-699-20954-5 (Russian).
Web links
- Alexander Korbalinow: INS Vikramaditya fully operational - Admiral Dhowan. Russia & India Report, June 2, 2014, accessed July 5, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ PTI: Gorshkov deal finalised at USD 2.3 trillion. The Hindu, March 10, 2010, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Wait over: Aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya set to join Indian Navy on November 16. In: The Indian Express. November 14, 2013, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Vikramaditya to be handed to the Indian Navy on November 16. India & Russia Report, November 24, 2013, accessed on July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Project 1143. Bharat-Rakshak.com 17 November, 2008, filed by the original on July 10, 2012 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Christopher P. Cavas: Indian Carrier Begins Sea Trials. defensenews.com, June 8, 2012, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Manu Pubby: INS Vikramaditya won't have air defense system for now. Indian Express, August 3, 2013, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ^ S. Ananda: INS Vikramaditya will serve Navy for 30 years. The Hindu, August 7, 2013, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ^ Ajai Shukla: Misses, waits & progress in naval missiles. Long-delayed Indo-Israeli anti-missile system to be tried this month. Business Standard, August 1, 2013, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ INS Vikramaditya enters Indian Navy's area of operation. The Hindu, January 4, 2014, accessed July 5, 2014 .
- ↑ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/ins-vikramaditya-may-hit-delay-cost-increases-03283/
- ↑ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-end-stalemate-over-Gorshkov-price-deal/articleshow/5314150.cms
- ↑ Russia Puts Finishing Touches on Indian Aircraft Carrier. RIA Novosti, May 15, 2013, accessed July 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Ten years delivery time. India takes over aircraft carriers from Russia. Spiegel Online, November 16, 2013, accessed July 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Manu Pubby: INS Vikramaditya reaches Karnataka port. Indianexpress, January 8, 2014, accessed on July 4, 2014 (English).
- ↑ Naval exercises off Goa coast today. Navhindtimes, archived from the original on May 12, 2014 ; accessed on July 4, 2014 .
- ↑ Hindustan Times, January 12, 2020
- ↑ YAK-41 Crashes On Carrier landing test. liveleak.com, accessed July 5, 2014 (with original video of the crash landing).