Admiral Kuznetsov

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Admiral Kuznetsov
Admiral Kuznetsov, 1996
Admiral Kuznetsov , 1996
Ship data
flag Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union

RussiaRussia (naval war flag) Russia

other ship names

Riga (construction period)
Leonid Brezhnev (construction period)
Tbilisi (launch)

Ship type Aircraft carrier
class Project 1143.5
Shipyard Shipyard 444 Mykolaiv
Keel laying September 1, 1982
Launch 4th December 1985
Commissioning January 20, 1991
Ship dimensions and crew
length
306.45 m ( Lüa )
270 m ( KWL )
width Flight deck: 71.96 m
Draft Max. 9.76 m
displacement
  • Empty: 46,540 t
  • Use: 61,390 t
 
crew 1980 man
Machine system
machine 8 × KWG-4 steam boiler

4 × steam turbines TW-12-4

Machine
performance 		4 × 50,000 PS (36,775 kW)
Top
speed 		29 kn (54 km / h)
propeller 4th
Armament
Furnishing
Aircraft

The Admiral Kuznetsov complete: Russian Адмирал флота Советского Союза Кузнецов , Admiral flota Sowjetskowo Sojusa Kuznetsov (German: Fleet Admiral of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov ) (ex Tbilisi , ex Leonid Brezhnev ), is the only aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy and currently the largest ship of this type, the was not built in the United States . It is the lead ship of the Admiral Kuznetsov class named after her . The second ship of this class, the Liaoning , ex Warjag , was purchased by China in 1998 , completed and put into service on September 25, 2012.

The aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov was built under the name Project 1143.5 for the Soviet Navy at the shipyard in Nikolaev (today: Mykolaiv, Ukraine) on the Southern Bug near the Black Sea . The official classification of Admiral Kuznetsov is " Tjascholy avianessuschtschi Kreiser " (TAKR) ( Russian Тяжёлый авианесущий крейсер (ТАКР) ); "Heavy flight deck cruiser ".

history

The Admiral Kuznetsov near the British Isles, HMS York in the background , 2011

The first unit of Project 1143.5 was to be called the Soviet Union ; after all, she was keeled as Riga in the early 1980s . During the construction the name was changed to Leonid Brezhnev . It was launched in 1985 and was christened Tbilisi .

On October 4, 1990, the ship was given its current name in memory of the Soviet Admiral Nikolai Gerasimowitsch Kuznetsov .

In 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved , and Ukraine , on whose territory both the shipyard in Mykolaiv and the anchorage of the ship in Sevastopol were located, laid claim to its own navy . In a night-and-fog operation, the ship was moved out of Ukrainian waters to avoid the threat of confiscation by the authorities. Apart from a few test drives, it remained in the shipyard and was officially put into service in 1995.

In 1996 the Admiral Kuznetsov took part in a maneuver in the Mediterranean . A year later, damage to the drive system was repaired in the shipyard. In 2000 she participated in the salvage work of the sunken nuclear submarine K-141 Kursk .

In 2003 and 2004 an inspection trip and a maneuver in the Atlantic followed . In January 2008, the aircraft carrier again took part in a major maneuver in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.

On February 16, 2009, the Admiral Kuznetsov was bunkered off the Irish coast. According to Russian sources, “a small amount of oil when cleaning the flight deck” could have got into the water. The resulting oil slick was estimated at 500–600 tons. In the same year a fire broke out on board; a sailor died.

On April 18, 2012 it became known that the Russian General Prosecutor's Office was investigating Valentin Ponomarjow, the head of the supplier company "Newski Jakor". Ponomarjow is said to have embezzled state funds of around 77,000 euros because he did not equip the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a new anchor , but with an already rusted, used anchor that was bought in the Netherlands for only 23,000 euros. This should also not meet the requirements.

In 2014 the ship completed its seventh voyage. In 2016, the carrier completed a trip to the Mediterranean and supported the Russian military operation in Syria for a month . The Kuznetsov carrier group consisting of 8 ships included the rocket cruiser Pyotr Veliki , the anti -submarine ships Severomorsk and Vice Admiral Kulakow , 2 tankers and the deep- sea tug Nikolai Tschiker . Presumably the group was accompanied by several submarines.

modernization

Since 2010 it had been reported repeatedly that the Kuznetsov should be modernized. For this, a stay of several years in the shipyard in Severodvinsk was expected. Sometimes there was talk of a mid-life upgrade and another 20 years in service. In May 2018, the Kuznetsov came to the shipyard, where repairs began. The contract provided for a modernization that should not drag on "no longer than until 2021". As part of the work, the boilers will be replaced, the drive system overhauled and the armament modernized. The work will be followed by a seven-month test phase. The new main armament is the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 K, but so far this has only been tested on the carrier.

While undocking, the carrier was damaged on October 30, 2018 when the PD-50 floating dock sank in Kola Bay due to a power failure. A crane on the dock tipped over onto the Kuznetsov as the dock sank and punched a large hole in the deck. A total of 52 damaged areas were found, the removal of which should cost an additional 70 million rubles.

Subsequently, it was discussed in Russian military circles whether the carrier should be repaired again or whether the financial resources should be invested in other naval weapon carriers.

Another incident occurred on December 12, 2019, when a fire broke out in one of the ship's power stations during the renovation work. At least one person was killed.

Mission profile

Su-27K (Su-33) carrier aircraft, off the carrier's island, February 1996
There are three departure positions (blue) possible on the flight deck, which can be taken at the same time. Bow with ski jump on the right, island light yellow. Graphic from 2007.

The Kuznetsov was designed as a fleet escort, its fighter aircraft serve to protect the fleet against enemy aircraft. After the end of the Cold War , additional systems were installed in order to be able to carry out other tasks. Nevertheless, defense against enemy aircraft and ships is still the main task of the Kuznetsov.

The carrier has a ski jump at the bow as a starting aid. This enables the launch of fully loaded MiG-29K - and Su-27 K / Su-33 fighter - bombers - the carrier's main combat aircraft. Landing is conventional, i.e. by hooking one of four of the safety ropes stretched across the deck . It is therefore a STOBAR carrier (short take-off but arrested recovery) .

Around 20 aircraft can be accommodated on the carrier and they can only take off with a small load of weapons.

The on-board armament of the Kuznetsov is significantly more powerful than that of comparable aircraft carriers. Above all, the twelve SS-N-19 Shipwreck anti-ship missiles give the ship limited anti-ship capabilities. The eight CADS-1 - short-range defense systems allow a defense of enemy anti-ship missiles. The escort group of Kuznetsov is usually of a missile cruiser the Slava-class cruiser , two missile destroyers sovremennyy-class destroyer , two U-submarine ships of Udaloy class , two hunting submarines of the Akula class and a rocket Oscar II class submarine cruiser .

Calls

The Admiral Kuznetsov in the dock in / near Murmansk, July 2015

Salvage of the Kursk - 2000

In 2000, the Kuznetsov and other ships secured the rescue work of the Kursk in the Barents Sea .

Syria - 2016/2017

The carrier's only combat mission so far took place as part of the Russian military operation in Syria . In October 2016, the ship left Severomorsk for Tartus . The carrier was accompanied by the nuclear cruiser Pyotr Veliki and two Udaloy-class missile destroyers . All along the way, the Russian naval association was shadowed by NATO ships and aircraft. At the end of October 2016, the association reached the western Mediterranean. Arrived off the Syrian coast, the carrier's warplanes flew attacks against ground targets in Syria. After a MiG-29K and a Su-33 crashed during landing and take-off maneuvers near the carrier, the carrier-based combat aircraft were transferred to the Hmeimim military airfield for further use . During the two-month mission, the carrier aircraft are said to have carried out 420 attacks on targets in Syria.

On the way back, the association anchored off the east Libyan coast. There, the ruler of eastern Libya, General Khalifa Haftar , held a video conference with Defense Minister Sergei Kushugetowitsch Shoigu on board the Admiral Kuznetsov .

After the deployment off Syria, the Russian think tank Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies rated the military use of the carrier as rather low.

Incidents

  • A MiG-29K of Admiral Kuznetsov crashed into the Mediterranean on November 14, 2016 due to a technical defect near the ship, and the pilot was able to save himself with the ejector seat. On November 15, the carrier's warplanes launched into attacks on ground targets inside Syria. It was the first combat mission of Admiral Kuznetsov .
  • On December 3, 2016, a Su-33 crashed into the Mediterranean while approaching in good flight conditions after a safety cable broke. The pilot was able to save himself with the ejector seat.
  • On December 12, 2019, a fire broke out on board during repair work in the port of Murmansk , which spread to 600 square meters. One worker died, twelve were injured, some seriously, and two reported missing.

literature

  • Владимир П. Заблоцкий: Морская коллекция 7 (76) 2005 Тяжёлый авианесущий крейсер "Адмирал Кузнецов" , (about: Vladimir Sablozki: Marine Collection number 7 (76) 2005, Heavy aircraft cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" ), 2005 (Russian).
  • Сергей Балакин, Владимир Заблоцкий: Советские авианосцы. Авианесущие крейсера адмирала Горшкова , (for example: Sergei Balakin, Vladimir Sablozki: Soviet aircraft carriers. [The] aircraft carriers Admiral Gorshkov ), 2007, ISBN 978-5-699-20954-5 (Russian).
  • Bernd Loose: Brief history of the Soviet aircraft carrier construction . In: Hartmut Klüver (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the German Society for Shipping and Marine History e. V. 2009 . tape 12 . Düsseldorf 2009, p. 199-238 .
  • Robin Higham, John T. Greenwood, Von Hardesty: Russian Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century . Frank Cass, London 1998, ISBN 978-0-7146-4784-5 (English).

Web links

Commons : Admiral Kuznetsov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ 59,100 t are given as part of a range calculation by Wladimir Sablozki on page 10 in the heavy flight deck cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" from 2005, in contrast to the 61,390 t, which on page 166 by Balakin / Sablozki in Soviet aircraft carriers. [The] aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov from 2007 are named.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ First aircraft carrier strengthens China's navy. In: Spiegel Online . September 25, 2012, accessed October 16, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Единственный российский авианосец встал на ремонт: Вооруженные силы: Силовые структуры. In: lenta.ru. June 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2016 (Russian, The only Russian aircraft carrier under repair).
  3. ^ JW Apalkow: Korabli WMF SSSR , Galeja, Sankt Peterburg 2003
  4. ^ Robin Higham, John T. Greenwood, Von Hardesty: Russian Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century , p. 191.
  5. ↑ a b Cornelia Karin Hendrich: Putin's aircraft carrier is a ramshackle steamship. In: The world . Retrieved October 26, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Klaus Mommsen: The Mediterranean voyage of the aircraft carrier ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV brought the Russian Navy again negative headlines shortly before its conclusion. In: Globaldefence.net. February 27, 2009, archived from the original on June 27, 2012 ; Retrieved July 18, 2010 .
  7. ↑ Huge oil slick drifting towards Ireland. In: The world . February 18, 2009, accessed July 18, 2010 .
  8. ↑ Used anchor for Russian aircraft carrier - authorities investigate for embezzlement. In: de.sputniknews.com. April 18, 2012, accessed September 20, 2018 .
  9. ↑ KUZNETSOV BATTLE GROUP HEADED TO SYRIA. americanintelligence.us, October 21, 2016, accessed November 2, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Russian warships in English Channel 'a smokescreen to distract world from more important military deployments' The Independent, October 21, 2016.
  11. ↑ a b Russia warships: Kuznetsov battle group 'refuels off North Africa'. www.bbc.com, October 27, 2016, accessed on November 2, 2018 (English).
  12. ↑ Thomas Nilsen: NATO frigates shadow Kuznetsov battle group heading north. thebarentsobserver.com, January 30, 2017, accessed November 2, 2018 .
  13. ↑ https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20180920/1528952193.html
  14. ↑ Российский авианосец встал на ремонт. In: arms-expo.ru. May 15, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2016 (Russian, Russian aircraft carrier receiving repair).
  15. ^ Upgrading the Admiral: Russia's Kuznetsov. In: defenseindustrydaily.com. October 28, 2015, accessed July 14, 2016 .
  16. ^ Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier to enter trials following overhaul. In: navyrecognition.com. July 25, 2018, accessed August 10, 2018 .
  17. ↑ TASS: Military & Defense - Russia's sole aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov to enter 7-month trials after upgrade. In: tass.com. July 25, 2018, accessed August 10, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier to be modernized for MiG-29K / KUB. In: navyrecognition.com. August 8, 2018, accessed August 10, 2018 .
  19. ^ A b Massive Floating Dock Sinks, Damaging Russia's Only Aircraft Carrier. In: themoscowtimes.com. October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018 .
  20. ↑ Russia's only aircraft carrier damaged while undergoing repairs as floating dry dock sinks. In: independent.co.uk. October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018 .
  21. ↑ https://flotprom.ru/2019/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B04/
  22. ↑ Ryan Pickrell: Russia's only aircraft carrier should scare the world - now a crane took it down. Retrieved September 21, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Two missing persons found alive in a fire on the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" , Interfax , December 11, 2019
  24. ↑ One of the missing persons of "Admiral Kuznetsovo" was found dead , Interfax, December 12, 2019
  25. ^ A b c Anton Lavrov: The Russian Air Campaign in Syria. (PDF) In: cna.org. College of the North Atlantic - Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, June 1, 2018, accessed July 1, 2018 .
  26. ↑ Warplanes of Russian aircraft carrier to be used in Syria. In: tass.ru. TASS , July 2, 2016, accessed July 14, 2016 .
  27. ↑ Russia sends aircraft carriers to the Mediterranean. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 15, 2016, accessed October 16, 2016 .
  28. ↑ Tages-Anzeiger : Russia begins withdrawing troops from Syria , accessed on January 6, 2017
  29. ↑ tagesschau.de: Russian fleet doesn't refuel in Spanish exclave. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved October 26, 2016 .
  30. ^ Andres Wysling: "Admiral Kuznetsov": aircraft carrier with little combat value . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . October 26, 2016, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed October 26, 2016]).
  31. ↑ Sean O'Connor, Jeremy Binnie, Tim Ripley: Russian carrier jets flying from Syria, not Kuznetsov. (No longer available online.) In: Janes.com. IHS Jane's 360, November 25, 2016, archived from the original on November 27, 2016 ; accessed on November 28, 2016 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.janes.com
  32. ^ Army Recognition: Russian army to learn several lessons from Syrian war (part 2)
  33. ↑ British fighter jets escort Russian aircraft carriers. spiegel.de, January 25, 2017, accessed January 25, 2017 .
  34. ↑ Russian aircraft carrier on its way back from the Mediterranean, derstandard.at, January 17, 2017
  35. ↑ Russian MiG fighter crashed on approach to "Admiral Kuznetsov". In: de.sputniknews.com. Retrieved November 15, 2016 .
  36. ↑ Raf Sanchez: "Russia launches major offensive in Syria with airstrikes on Idlib and Homs, as rebel-held east Aleppo bombarded for first time in weeks" Telegraph of November 15, 2016
  37. ↑ Russian Su-33 crashed in the Mediterranean while attempting to land on Kuznetsov aircraft carrier The Aviationist, December 5, 2016
  38. ↑ Brake cable torn on aircraft carrier - jet shoots into the sea. welt.de, December 5, 2016, accessed December 6, 2016 .
  39. ↑ ORF.at/Agenturen red: Fire on Russian aircraft carrier: One dead. December 12, 2019, accessed December 12, 2019 .