Early spring cyclamen
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Early spring cyclamen ( Cyclamen coum ) |
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The early spring cyclamen ( Cyclamen coum ) is a plant from the genus cyclamen ( Cyclamen ) within the family Primulaceae (Primulaceae). The two subspecies have a disjoint area in western Asia . The early spring cyclamen is used in the temperate areas as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens.
description
Cyclamen coum is a very variable species in terms of the shape and color of leaves and flowers.
Vegetative characteristics
The seeds germinate in autumn. The seedling has a single round leaf in the first year that survives the winter and reaches a diameter of about 5 mm by spring.
The early spring cyclamen grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 10 cm. As a persistence organ, it forms a tuber with roots only on the underside. The flattened, spherical tuber reaches a diameter of about 6 cm and is shorter-lived than z. B. that of cyclamen hederifolium .
The leaves appear in autumn. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is rounded kidney-shaped and with entire margins. The upper side of the leaf occasionally has a dark or silvery markings. The underside of the leaf varies from green to reddish purple and has no markings.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is in winter from January to March. They stand individually on an approximately 10 cm long inflorescence stem. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The petals are pink to carmine red or white. A white eye is visible at the base of the flower. Compared to other species, the flowers are shorter (compressed). In southern occurrences, the flowers are normally cyclamen-shaped.
The spherical capsule fruit contains 20 to 30 seeds. The seeds ripen in early summer and germinate in autumn.
Occurrence
The early spring cyclamen is native to two separate areas. On the one hand from Bulgaria over the entire southern edge of the Black Sea and the adjacent mountains to the Caucasus and the Crimea and to the southern shore of the Caspian Sea in the Elburs Mountains in the mountainous area of Armenia and on the other hand from the Nur Mountains (also Amanos Mountains) in southern Turkey over the western Syria to Lebanon and northern Israel.
Cyclamen coum thrives in deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as scrub and rocky locations. It is very hardy and is one of the easy-to-cultivate cyclamen.
Systematics
The first publication of Cyclamen coum was by Philip Miller . The species Cyclamen coum belongs to the subgenus Gyrophoebe O.Black from the genus Cylamen
There are two subspecies and three forms of Cyclamen coum Mill. They show differences in leaf and flower shape.
- Leaves wider than long
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Cyclamen coum subsp. coum (west and south) - leaf margins mostly smooth, petals (0.8–1.4 cm)
- Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. coum - petals pink to magenta with dark markings on the base of the petals
- Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. pallidum - petals white or pale pink with dark markings
- Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. albissimum - petals pure white without markings
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Cyclamen coum subsp. coum (west and south) - leaf margins mostly smooth, petals (0.8–1.4 cm)
- Leaves longer than wide
- Cyclamen coum subsp. caucasicum (east) - leaf with wavy edge - petals (1.2–2 cm)
The isolated population in the Crimea used to be called Cyclamen kuznetzovii Kotov & Czernova. Today it is considered a local variant of Cyclamen coum .
The Cyclamen elegans , accepted as a separate species, was considered a subspecies Cyclamen coum subsp. elegans .
Origin of name
The name for the cyclamen genus is the formation of a disc or circular tuber (Greek κύκλος (kyklos) for circle, disc). The established meaning of the specific epithet "coum" has been lost. It is unlikely that the name derives from the island of Kos , as this species is not native there. It is believed that the name "coum" derives from the name of the kingdom of Asia Minor Qu'e from the classical Cilicia . It denotes an area in eastern Cilicia and today belongs to Armenia and SE Turkey.
use
The early spring cyclamen is used in the temperate areas as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. The early spring cyclamen is one of the eye-catching garden plants due to its early flowering period from January to March. The flowers easily withstand snow and severe frosts of below –20 ° C. It spreads easily through a large number of seeds and grows wild in suitable locations that are not allowed to dry out completely in summer.
Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. pallidum (white flowers with dark markings)
Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. albissimum cultivar 'Lake Effect' (white flowers without dark markings )
Cyclamen coum subsp. caucasicum
gallery
Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. coum
Cyclamen coum subsp. coum f. coum
White-flowered form
Silvery leaf drawing
Dark leaf drawing
Young capsule fruits shortly after fertilization
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literature
- J. Krejca, A. Jakobova: Rock garden plants . VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-331-00185-6 , p. 178.
- Fritz Köhlein: The big book of rock garden plants . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6559-7
- Christian Grunert: The big flower bulb book . Berlin: VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1990, ISBN 3-331-00193-7 .
- Christopher Gray-Wilson: Cyclamen: A Guide for Gardeners, Horticulturists and Botanists . Pavilion Books, 2015, ISBN 978-1849942218 ; Reading sample from Google books up to p. 50 [2]
Individual evidence
- ↑ FRITSCHIANA 55 - Floristic endemism in the Crimea ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Janis Ruksans: Buried Treasures: Finding and Growing the World's Choicest Bulbs , p. 113, Timber Press, 2007, ISBN 0-88192-818-6
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 134.
- ↑ An attempt to clarify the origin of the name [1]
