Audible tone
Audible tones are signal tones that can be heard in the telephone receiver or through the loudspeaker of a terminal device . In timing, sound sequences and / or pitch different audible tones indicate participants the current state of a telephone connection with telephone networks ( telephone network , mobile network ), and telephone systems .
Keys
- The dial tone (obsolete dial tone , dial tone , Office dial tone , English: dial tone ) signals the caller 's willingness switching device ( switch , PBX ) to accept the election information ( phone number ).
- There is no standardization for the internal dial tone of telephone systems, but it usually differs from the regular dial tone.
- The special dial tone informs the subscriber about special statuses or properties of the telephone connection, such as activated call diversion or an incoming message from a caller.
- The ringback tone (also sometimes mistakenly free character , English: ring-back tone ) signals the caller that the line to the called party is available and the subscriber called is.
- For a number of years now , network operators have been offering a service under the name of ringing tone for an additional fee, with which subscribers can have their callers underline the ringing tone with pieces of music; it is more or less the counterpart to the ringtones .
- The call waiting tone signals to a subscriber on the phone that he is receiving another call and is waiting.
- A busy tone ( subscriber busy ) signals to the caller that the called party has just made a call or has rejected the call.
- The lane busy tone differs from the participant busy tone in that it has a faster tone sequence (participant busy: approx. One tone per second, lane busy: approx. Two tones per second; the tones are just as long as the pauses, each about a quarter of a second). If during the connection establishment to the called party unavailability of switching equipment occurs, the caller receives this special busy tone with many network operators.
The expression busy lanes means that a certain number range cannot be reached due to an overload or disturbance, e.g. B. all numbers in the local area network that begin with 50xxxx, or in the case of call-by-call, an overload or disruption of the selected provider. You can usually hear the busy lane tone before you have dialed the full number. Alternatively, the announcement " Subscriber temporarily unavailable " is played, or when calls are made from the cellular network, a short sequence of three tones sounds as a sign of network overload. - The hold tone is sent when a call is on hold and signals the temporary interruption of speech to the other subscriber who has put him on hold . This enables, for example, the other participant to establish a further connection to a third call partner in order to obtain a query during an active call.
- The Intrusion or alert tone (short- on-tone) signals all involved participants that someone of the existing connection switched has and is listening. At the time of manual switching the sign was used as the control center in an existing local call in pointing out an important long distance call.
- Acknowledgment tones are sent to the subscriber when programming connection and telephone settings and when activating features via telephone .
- Warning tones are sent in exceptional situations that indicate a device has been blocked or indicate a particularly high charge for a call. An example of the blocking of a device is the Howlertone , which is supposed to indicate that the telephone receiver is not on- hook , even from a great distance. However, the Howlertone is not used in Europe because of its potential risk to human hearing when the receiver is held to the ear, but it is widespread in Asia and America.
- Special information tone (SIT) signals to the calling subscriber that special circumstances make a connection impossible. The best known is probably the tone sequence of three ascending short tones when dialing a call number that has not been assigned, possibly supplemented by the announcement “No connection under this number”.
Another tone that cannot be heard in the receiver like the others is the ringing tone or ringtone . (English: ring tone ). The ringing tone of the called party's phone is generally referred to as the ringing tone. In the case of analog telephones, an incoming call is signaled by the ringing voltage , which traditionally also supplies the energy to generate the ringing tone (ringing). With ISDN devices and in mobile communications, however, the signaling takes place separately from the generation of the ringing tone.
Audible tones (Germany)
The following audible tones have been available throughout Germany since 1999 at the latest, both in landline and mobile networks:
| volume | Frequency [Hz] | Clock: tone length [ms] - pause length [ms] |
|---|---|---|
| Dial tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.1 | 425 | Continuous tone |
| Special dial tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.2 | 425 + 400 | Continuous tone |
| Ring tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.3 | 425 | 1000 - 4000 |
| Subscriber busy tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.4 | 425 | 480 - 480 |
| Alley busy tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.5 | 425 | 240 - 240 |
| Activation tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.6 | 425 | 240 - 240 - 240 - 1280 |
| Call waiting tone after 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.7 | 425 | 1st cycle 200 - 200 - 200 - 1000 , from 2nd cycle: 200 - 200 - 200 - 5000 |
| Advisory tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.8 (Sample sound significantly louder!) | 950/1400/1800 | without announcement: 330 - 330 - 330 - 1000 ;
with announcement: 330 - 330 - 330 - 1600 |
Other audible tones (Germany)
| volume | Frequency [Hz] | length |
|---|---|---|
| Search tone 1 according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.9 | 800 | Continuous tone |
| Search tone 2 according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 8.9 | 1100 + 1200 | Continuous tone |
| Disabling tone according to 1 TR 110-1, chap. 10.6 | 2100 | 4000 ms (phase jump by 180 ° every 450 ms) |
The exact specification of the audible tones used by Deutsche Telekom can be found in the technical description of the analog dial-up connections on the T-Net / ISDN of the T-Com (1TR110-1) .
Sound generation
In the case of electromechanical exchanges , the audible tones were generated with call and signal machines, which are also electromechanical components. This analog switching technology has been gradually replaced by digital systems in which the audible tones are generated electronically.
Historical audio tones (Germany)
Up until the end of 1998 , EMD switching centers were predominantly in use in the Federal Republic of Germany ; in the GDR mostly their predecessors with rotary dials were still in use . Their call and signal machines (RSM) generated characteristic and easily audible tones.
The basic tone of these audible tones consisted of two superimposed sine tones with a frequency of around 440 to 480 Hz, which was clocked according to the respective meaning.
The following table contains the tones that could be heard up to the time of the technical change in the 1990s .
The dial tone, however, was changed in the Federal Republic of Germany as early as September 1979 : the interrupted dial tone (official tone), the Morse code for the letter "A" (office), was replaced by the non-clocked basic tone. In the GDR, on the other hand, the Morse-A could still be heard well after reunification and was only gradually abolished with the digitization of telecommunications offices. In the BASA telephone network of the German railway companies, the office was not identified with the Morse A, but with the corresponding place name of the exchange as a Morse code or voice announcement.
| volume | Frequency [Hz] | Clock: tone length [ms] - pause length [ms] | Scheme |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dial tone until 1979 | ~ 475 |
200 - 300 - 700 - 800 (Morse-A) |
Dial tone of the Deutsche Bundespost until 1979
|
| Dial tone from 1979 | ~ 475 | Continuous tone | |
| Ring tone | ~ 475 | 1000 - 4000 | |
| Busy tone | ~ 475 | 125 - 475 |
See also
literature
- Handheld dictionary of electrical telecommunications ; 2nd Edition 1970, Vol. 2 G-P; P. 810 (audible tone including dial tone, ringing tone, busy tone, advisory tone )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Langenscheidt technical dictionary technology and applied sciences for the definition of the word free character .
- ^ Langenscheidt technical dictionary technology and applied sciences for the definition of the word official sign .
- ↑ Bavaria-Online EDV Administration - Historical telecommunications technology - Virtual Telecommunications Museum - activation tone .
- ↑ Technical description of the analog dial-up connections on the T-Net / ISDN of the T-Com; For audible tones, see Chapter 8, p. 46. (PDF) Retrieved on November 29, 2019 .