Convertible rose

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Convertible rose
Inflorescences of a variety of the lantana camara

Inflorescences of a variety of Wandelröschens ( Lantana camara )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Verbena plants (Verbenaceae)
Genre : Convertible rose ( Lantana )
Type : Convertible rose
Scientific name
Lantana camara
L.

The Lantana ( Lantana camara ) is a species of the genus Lantana ( Lantana ) within the family of iron herb plants (Verbenaceae). Their cultivated forms are popular ornamental plants . It is a rapidly spreading invasive plant in the tropics and subtropics .

description

Wild form with opposite leaves and inflorescences
Illustration from Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles , plate 370

Vegetative characteristics

In Lantana camara is shrubs . The often long, slightly drooping branches are rough with downward-pointing bristles or short spines.

The mostly opposite leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The downy hairy petiole is 1 to 2 centimeters long. The simple, parchment-like leaf blade is egg-shaped to oblong with a length of 3 to 8.5 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 5 centimeters with a rounded to almost heart-shaped base. The leaf margin is notched or serrate. The leaf surface is wrinkled and rough with stiff, short hairs. If the leaves are crushed, they smell aromatic. There are five pairs of clearly raised lateral nerves.

Generative characteristics

Many flowers stand together in terminal, head-shaped inflorescences with a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters. The flowers are yellow or orange, later often reddish to purple. Due to the changing color of the flowers over time, the flower heads have a characteristic, colorful appearance with different colors inside and out. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The ovary is bare.

The few-seeded stone fruits are spherical with a diameter of about 4 millimeters and when ripe they turn shiny, shimmering, dark purple to black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44.

Flower visit by hummingbird
Inflorescence of a variety

Toxicity

All parts of the plant are slightly poisonous, especially the ripe and unripe fruits, but they are sometimes consumed anyway. The main active ingredients are Lantaden A and B, icterogenin and triterpenes . The invasive plant is particularly dangerous for grazing animals. The first symptoms of intoxication are loss of appetite and constipation, followed by symptoms of jaundice and sensitivity to light. Due to the hepatotoxicity of the plant, there is a high mortality .

There have been isolated reports of fatal poisoning in children after eating the green berries. An evaluation of 641 cases in which children ate the berries, on the other hand, found no serious symptoms of intoxication. Most of the cases went without symptoms, in less than 10% of the cases there were mild symptoms (vomiting, more rarely diarrhea and abdominal pain).

For example, the seed of the convertible rose plays a role in the food spectrum of the dark cuckoo pigeon, although this plant species is an introduced species in Australia - the habitat of this pigeon.

Occurrence

The original distribution area of the subspecies of Lantana camara extends from Mexico to Central America and northern South America and it occurs on the Caribbean islands . However, it is a neophyte in all warm areas of the world and can spread particularly in warm, humid areas on wasteland, pastures and forests, to which the spread of the seeds by birds also contributes. Sometimes it is also planted on slopes that are prone to erosion for precisely this reason. In South Africa , the changing flower culture has been banned in gardens because of its invasive nature.

Systematics

Lantana camara was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 627.

Depending on the author, there are six subspecies of Lantana camara :

  • Lantana camara subsp. aculeata (L.) RWSanders (Syn .: Lantana aculeata L. , Lantana coccinea Weigel , Lantana sanguinea Medik. , Lantana mutabilis Salisb. nom. illeg., Lantana suaveolens Desf. nom. illeg., Lantana variegata Otto & A.Dietr. ): This new combination took place in 2006. It is originally found in Mexico and on the Caribbean islands.
  • Lantana camara L. subsp. camara (Syn .: Lantana annua C.B. Clarke , Lantana asperata Vis. nom. nud., Lantana crocea Jacq. , Lantana formosa K.Koch & Fintelm. , Lantana mixta Medik. , Lantana undulata Raf. , Lantana urticifolia Mill. , Lantana viburnoides Blanco nom. Illeg.): It originally occurs from the Mexican state of Veracruz to Nicaragua and on the Caribbean islands.
  • Lantana camara subsp. glandulosissima (Hayek) RWSanders (Syn .: Lantana glandulosissima Hayek ): It has been a subspecies since 2012. It occurs from Mexico through Central America to northern Venezuela and on Cuba and Puerto Rico .
  • Lantana camara subsp. moldenkei (RWSanders) RWSanders (Syn .: Lantana urticifolia subsp. moldenkei R.W.Sanders ): This new combination took place in 2012. It occurs only in eastern Cuba and in the Dominican Republic .
  • Lantana camara subsp. moritziana (Otto & A.Dietr.) RWSanders (Syn .: Lantana moritziana Otto & A.Dietr. , Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & A.Dietr.) López-Pal. ): This new combination took place in 2012. It comes from Costa Rica through Panama to tropical South America.
  • Lantana camara subsp. portoricensis (Moldenke) RWSanders (Syn .: Lantana arida var. portoricensis Moldenke , Lantana urticifolia subsp. portoricensis (Moldenke) RWSanders ): This new combination took place in 2012. It occurs only in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands .

use

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

In cooler, drier areas, however, it is seen as an ornamental plant . It is also used everywhere in the temperate areas and is also cultivated for the winter in a cold house , for example .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Shou-liang Chen, Michael G. Gilbert: Verbenaceae. : Lantana camara , p. 2 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .
  2. ^ A b Lantana camara - Toxicological disorders. In: Color Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of Cattle. Third edition, 2011.
  3. ↑ Frederik Joelving: Lantana plant safe for toddlers. Reuters, November 1, 2010.
  4. ↑ David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes, John Cox: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3 , p. 273.
  5. ^ Lantana camara at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 31, 2017.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Lantana camara. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed December 31, 2017.

literature

Web links

Commons : Wandelröschen ( Lantana camara )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files