Shipping paper
Shipping documents ( English shipping documents ) are in the logistics , all documents that because of the delivery when transporting the cargo belong.
General
Shipping documents are part of a shipment . They accompany the dispatched goods during their transport and enable the recipient or third parties to provide certain proofs relating to the goods, their quantity , quality , origin and the transport of goods . When shipping goods in Germany, fewer shipping documents are generally required than in foreign trade . They are from the shipper , sender , shipper , exporter or seller issued together with the goods to the carrier passed.
species
General, from the manufacturer or dealer originated accompanying documents are delivery ( English delivery note ), packing list ( English packing list ) and accounting ( commercial invoice ; English commercial invoice ). The delivery note contains the identification of the goods, any retention of title and information on the seller's terms and conditions . The invoice defines the transfer of ownership of the goods under certain conditions such as payment or the expiry of the retention of title.
However, manufacturers or dealers often have to provide additional documents from third parties. When shipping by transport companies , additional shipping documents are used in freight transport :
- The waybill according to § 408 HGB contains all the data of the freight process ( franking ) and is signed by the sender and, if necessary, the carrier. As carriers are freight forwarders ( confirmation of receipt ), railway ( railroad waybill ), ships ( shippers ) and airlines ( Air Waybill ) are used. The Bordero is available as a replacement for the consignment note .
- Carriers can also create loading lists.
- In the inland waterway transport is by § 443 a HGB bill of lading issued, the Maritime knows next to the bill of lading and the bill of lading ( § 526 1 HGB.).
- The unloading confirmation is the written confirmation of the acceptance of the freight by the carrier.
- Proof of transport insurance through transport insurance policies.
These documents prove to the buyer that a sales contract has been concluded , the authenticity of the goods and the faultless transport.
In foreign trade, according to international trade custom, additional shipping documents are required, which are mainly required for foreign trade financing:
- In some countries one is consular invoice ( English consular invoice provided) during import.
- In shipping bill of lading will ( English bill of lading ) according to § 514 issued HGB.
- Certificate of origin ( English certificate of origin )
- Health certificate ( English health certificate ),
- Possible certification ( apostilles ) of these documents: some states - especially in the Near and Middle East - often require final certification by the Federal Office of Administration before consular legalization , which requires prior certification by the responsible Chamber of Commerce .
- The "intra-EC document accompanying the goods" is the export of weapons , ammunition and military equipment required.
The consulate and model regulations serve as a reference work for foreign regulations on shipping documents .
Pure customs papers are:
- Export permit / import permit ,
- ATA carnet , carnet TIR , carnet CPD .
They must be presented at customs clearance .
meaning
Shipping documents play less of a role in floor trading , since goods and money are handed over directly by the seller and buyer. Their importance only begins with mail order , because there is a temporal and spatial distance between seller and buyer during delivery , which leaves the buyer with information gaps. Shipping documents are intended to close these information gaps. The bill of lading and the bill of lading are even approved order papers that represent the goods as traditional papers . The owner of the goods is the owner of the order document, legitimized by endorsement . This function is particularly important for document collections and letters of credit as well as for foreign trade financing. In addition, some of the documents accompanying the goods must be presented with the import permit.
