List of Japanese words from Indo-European languages
The list of Japanese words from Indo-European languages contains examples of Japanese-language words that have been borrowed from the Indo-European language area , in particular from English , German , French and Portuguese .
context
Gairaigo ( Japanese 外来 語 ) is the Japanese name for loan word and the translation or transliteration into Japanese.
A large number of foreign words came into Japanese through contact with the West (example: pan ( パ ン ), dt: bread, from Portuguese ), especially since the Meiji Restoration and its innovations and upheavals in the technical and social field. Were initially loanwords mostly in Kanji translated (example: Enpitsu ( 鉛筆 ), from the German: pencil), they are since the Second World War with Katakana transcribed and are therefore easily recognizable as such. In colloquial usage, the term Gairaigo refers accordingly to the newer foreign words from European languages, mainly from English.
In accordance with Japan's orientation towards concepts from various Western nations during the modernization of the Meiji period, foreign words from different languages found their way into Japanese, depending on the topic: Many medical terms, mountaineering vocabulary and expressions of philosophy come from German , foreign words in the artistic field from French , Mining terms from English, legal fiefdoms from French (initially) and German (later), military terms from English and German.
As with borrowings in other languages, when a foreign word is adopted - except in the case of previously unknown, precisely specified objects, living beings, etc. - there is always a significant change in meaning that native speakers and language learners are not always aware of, as the different meanings are similar and refer to the same subject area.
In addition to foreign words, there are also numerous pseudo -Anglicisms in Japanese (Japanese 和 和 英語 Wasei-eigo literally "English created in Japan").
List of examples
| Japanese spelling | Rōmaji | origin | meaning | origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OIL | ōeru | OL, " Office Lady " (office worker) | female office worker | Wasei-Eigo |
| U タ ー ン | yūtān | u-turn | 180 ° turn | English |
| U タ ー ン ラ ッ シ ュ | yūtān rasshu | u-turn + rush | Return traffic after the New Year break , Golden Week and Obon | Wasei-Eigo |
| ア イ ド ル | aidoru | idol | (Japanese) asterisk, media personality | English |
| ア イ ・ ラ ブ ・ ユ ー | ai rabu yu | Ich liebe dich | I love you | English |
| ア ッ プ | appu | upload | Upload | English |
| ア パ ー ト | apāto | apartment | rather simple apartment in a somewhat older residential building (see below: manshon ) | English |
| ア ポ | apo | appointment | Appointment, appointment | English |
| ア ベ ッ ク | abekku | avec ("with") | Lovers | French |
| ア ニ メ | anime | animation movie | Cartoon | English |
| ア メ フ ト | ame-futo | American football | football | English |
| ア ル バ イ ト | arubaito | job | Part-time work, temporary work | German |
| ア ン ケ ー ト | ankēto | inquete | Survey , questionnaire | French |
| ア ン ニ ュ イ | annyui | ennui | boredom | French |
| イ ク ラ | ikura | икра (ikra "caviar") | caviar | Russian |
| イ ベ ン ト | ibento | Event | Event (concert, etc.) | English |
| イ メ ー ジ | imēji | image | Image in the sense of reputation | English |
| エ ア コ ン | eakon | air conditioning | air conditioning | English |
| エ ッ チ | etchi | the letter H of the English alphabet as an abbreviation of the Japanese word 変 態 (hentai, "pervert") | Sex , raunchy, sexual, perverted " anime " | English |
| エ ネ ル ギ ー | enerugii | energy | energy | German |
| エ ネ ル ギ ッ シ ュ | enerugisshu | energetic | energetic | German |
| エ ロ | ero | Eros | Eroticism, pornography | English |
| オ ー ダ ー メ ー ド | ōdā mēdo | order made | made to order | English |
| オ ー プ ン カ ー | ōpun kā | open car (convertible) | Convertible | Wasei-Eigo |
| オ ー ラ イ | ōrai | all right | alright, ok | English |
| オ ラ ン ダ | oranda | Holanda | Holland, Netherlands | Portuguese |
| オ フ | ofu | off | switched off, price discount | English |
| オ ン ・ ザ ・ ロ ッ ク | on-za-rokku | on the rocks | with ice | English |
| オ ナ ニ ー | onanī | masturbation | masturbation | German |
| カ ッ パ | kappa | capa (de chuva) | a raincoat | Portuguese |
| カ ラ オ ケ | karaoke | 空 (kara "empty") + orchestra | Karaoke | Japanese + English |
| カ ラ ン | karan | kraan | water tap | Dutch |
| カ ル タ , 骨牌 or 加 留 多 | karuta | carta | Playing card | Portuguese |
| カ ル テ | karute | map | Health card in the doctor's office | German |
| カ ー ド | kādo | card | Credit card or something similar | English |
| カ ン ニ ン グ | kanningu | cunning | Peck out at school, fraudulent | English |
| ガ ム | gamu | gum | chewing gum | English |
| ガ ラ ス | garasu | glass | Glass (as material) | Dutch or English |
| ガ ー ド マ ン | gādoman | guard man | Security guard | English |
| キ ャ ッ チ フ レ ー ス | kyatchi furēsu | catch phrase | large text in advertisements or brochures that attracts readers' attention | English |
| ギ プ ス / ブ ス | gipusu / pusu | plaster | plaster | German |
| ク ラ ク シ ョ ン | kurakushon | Klaxon | horn | English |
| 倶 楽 部 or ク ラ ブ | kurabu | Club | Club ( Kanji version: e.g. golf club, Katakana version: night club, etc.) | English |
| ク ラ ン ケ | kuranke | Sick | patient | German |
| グ ラ ス | gurasu | glass | Drinking glass | English |
| グ ミ | gumi | rubber | Wine gums, fruit gums | German |
| コ ン ビ ニ | combini | convenience store | Neighborhood store | English |
| ゴ ム | gomu | gom | Rubber, eraser | Dutch |
| サ ー ビ ス | sābisu | service | service | English |
| サ イ ン | sain | sign (signature) | signature | English |
| サ ボ る | saboru | sabotage | truant , not going to work or school | French |
| サ ラ ダ | sarada | salada | salad | Portuguese |
| サ ラ リ ー マ ン | sararīman | salary + man | Office worker | Wasei-Eigo |
| サ ン キ ュ ー | sankyū | Thank you | thank you | English |
| サ ン ド | sando | sandwich | sandwich | English |
| シ ャ ボ ン 玉 | shabon dama | sabão + 玉 (tama "ball") | Soap bubble | Portuguese and Japanese |
| シ ュ ラ フ | shurafu | Sleeping bag) | Sleeping bag | German |
| シ ー ル | shīru | seal (sticker) | sticker | English |
| シ ル バ ー シ ー ト | shirubāshīto | silver + seat | Seats for the elderly, pregnant women and the physically challenged on public transport | English |
| ジ ー パ ン | jipan | jeans + pants | Jeans | English |
| ジ ェ ッ ト コ ー ス タ ー | jetto kōsutā | jet coaster | Roller coaster | English |
| ス ケ ボ ー | sukebō | skateboard | skateboard | English |
| ス ト / ス ト ラ イ キ | suto / sutoraiki | strike | strike | English |
| ス ト ー ブ | sutōbu | stove | oven | English |
| ス ト ー リ ー | sutōrii | story | Story, plot | English |
| す べ た or ス ベ タ | subeta | espada | Ugly woman | Portuguese |
| ス マ ー ト | sumāto | smart | fancy | English |
| ス リ ー サ イ ズ | surī saizu | three size | the three dimensions of a woman | English |
| ズ ボ ン | zubon | jupon | trousers | French |
| セ ク ハ ラ | sekuhara | sexual harassment | sexual harassment | English |
| セ ッ ク ス | sekkusu | sex | sex | English |
| タ バ コ , た ば こ or 煙草 | tobacco | tabaco | Cigarettes | Portuguese |
| タ レ ン ト | tarento | talent | all-round acting talent in the entertainment industry | English |
| ダ ビ ン グ | dabingu | dubbing | synchronization | English |
| テ レ カ | tereka | telephone card | Calling card | English |
| テ レ ビ | terebi | television | watch TV | English |
| テ レ ビ ゲ ー ム | terebi gēmu | TV game | Video game | English |
| テ ー ブ ル | tēburu | table | table | English |
| デ ス ク | desuku | desk | Desk, editorial office , editor | English |
| デ パ ー ト | depāto | department store | Department store | English |
| て ん ぷ ら | tenpura | tempero | Tempura | Portuguese |
| ト ラ ブ ル | toraburu | trouble | problem | English |
| ト ラ べ ル | toraberu | travel | travel | English |
| ト ラ ン プ | toranpu | trump card (playing cards) | Playing cards, card game | English |
| ド ク タ ー ス ト ッ プ | dokutā sutoppu | doctor stop | Advice from a doctor to stop something | Wasei-Eigo |
| ド ッ ペ ル ゲ ン ガ ー | dopperugengā | doppelganger | doppelganger | German |
| ド ラ マ | dorama | drama | Television game | English |
| ド リ フ ト | dorifuto | drift | Drifting away | English |
| ド ン マ イ | don may | don't mind (Never mind!) | Do not worry about it! | English |
| ナ ト リ ウ ム | natoriumu | sodium | sodium | German |
| ノ イ ロ ー ゼ | noirōze | neurosis | neurosis | German |
| ビ ニ ル ハ ウ ス | biniruhausu | vinyl house | Glasshouse | English |
| ハ ン カ チ | hankachi | handkerchief | Handkerchief | English |
| ハ ン ス ト | hansuto | hunger strike | Hunger strike | English |
| バ ー ジ ョ ン | bājon | version | Version, edition | English |
| バ イ キ ン グ | baikingu | viking | Buffet in the hotel | English |
| バ カ ン ス | bakansu | vacances | Vacation trip | French |
| バ ッ ク ミ ラ ー | bakku mirā | back mirror | Rearview mirror | English |
| パ ソ コ ン | pasokon | personal computer | Pc | English |
| パ ン | pan | pão | loaf | Portuguese |
| パ ン ク | panku | puncture | Flat tire | English |
| パ ン ス ト | pansuto | panty + stocking | Pantyhose | English |
| パ ン ツ | pantsu | pants | (Under) pants | English |
| ビ ー 玉 | bī dama | vidro ("glass") + 玉 (tama "ball") | marble | Portuguese + Japanese |
| ヒ ス テ リ ー | hisuterī | hysteria | hysteria | German |
| ビ ロ ー ド | birōdo | veludo | velvet | Portuguese |
| ピ ン セ ッ ト | pinsetto | pincet | tweezers | Dutch |
| フ ァ ミ コ ン | famikon | family computer | Nintendo video game device | English |
| フ ァ ン タ ジ ッ ク | fantajikku | fantasy + -ique | fantastic | English and French |
| フ ォ ー ク | fōku | fork | fork | English |
| フ ォ ー ク | fōku | folk music | Folk music | English |
| フ ォ ー チ ュ ン ・ ク ッ キ ー | fōchun kukkī | fortune cookie | fortune cookie | English |
| フ ラ イ ド ポ テ ト | furaido poteto | fried potato (french fries) | French fries | Wasei-Eigo |
| フ リ ー ダ イ ヤ ル | furī daiyaru | free dial | toll free phone number | English |
| フ リ ー タ ー | furītā | freeter | Person in precarious employment | Wasei-Eigo |
| ブ ラ | bura | bra | bra | English |
| ブ ラ ン コ | buranko | balanço | Swing | Portuguese |
| ブ レ ザ ー | burezā | blazer | Blazer , school uniform | English |
| ド ラ イ バ ー | doraibā | Screwdriver | screwdriver | English |
| ド ラ イ バ ー | doraibā | driver | driver | English |
| ニ ー ト | nito | NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) | young unemployed | English |
| ベ ッ ド | beddo | bed | bed | English |
| プ ラ ス ド ラ イ バ ー | purasu doraibā | plus driver (Phillips screwdriver) | Phillips screwdriver | Wasei-Eigo |
| ペ ー パ ー ド ラ イ バ ー | pēpādoraibā | paper driver | Driver's license holder, without driving experience | Wasei-Eigo |
| ホ ッ チ キ ス | hocchikisu | Hotchkiss | stapler | Company name |
| ホ ワ イ ト デ ー | howaito dē | White Day | March 14th, a month after Valentine's Day | English |
| ボ ン ベ | bonbe | bomb | gas bottle | German |
| ポ ケ モ ン | pokemon | pocket monster | Pokémon | Wasei-Eigo |
| マ イ ペ ー ス | maipēsu | my pace | Do not put yourself under time pressure, rather a slow and relaxed personal approach | English |
| マ ン シ ョ ン | manshon | mansion | better apartment | English |
| モ ー ニ ン グ コ ー ル | mōningu kōru | morning call | Wake up call in the hotel | English |
| ヤ ン エ グ | yan egu | young executive | young employee | English |
| ラ ブ ホ テ ル | rabu hoteru | love hotel | Love hotel | English |
| ラ ン ド セ ル | randoseru | ransel | satchel | Dutch |
| リ サ イ ク ル シ ョ ッ プ | risaikuru shoppu | recycle shop | Thrift shop | Wasei-Eigo |
| リ ス ト ラ | risutora | restructuring | Layoffs as part of rationalization measures | English |
| リ フ ォ ー ム | rifōmu | reform | renovation | English |
| リ ュ ッ ク サ ッ ク | ryukkusakku, short: ryukku | backpack | backpack | German |
| ロ ー プ ウ ェ ー | rōpu wē | rope way | Cable car | English |
| ロ マ ン , 浪漫 | novel | novel | Romance, atmospheric portrayal | French |
| ロ リ コ ン | rorikon | Lolita complex | Lolita complex , pedophilia | English |
| ウ ォ ー ク マ ン | wōkuman | Word creation and registered brand name of Sony | Walkman | Wasei-Eigo |
| ワ ン ピ ー ス | wanpīsu | one piece | one-piece summer dress | English |
literature
- Phonological alignment of German loanwords in Japanese (PDF; 702 kB) Master's thesis by Katrin Dohlus, Berlin 2002.