Salmon irritant
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Salmon irritant ( Lactarius salmonicolor ) |
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| Lactarius salmonicolor | ||||||||||||
| R. Heim & Leclair |
The salmon Reizker ( Lactarius salmonicolor ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a pale to strong salmon orange-colored irritant without green tones and an obligatory mycorrhizal fungus of the silver fir .
The epithet salmonicolor is of Latin origin and means "salmon-colored" or "in the color of salmon meat ". Lactarius , which is also Latin , simply means "Milchling" and refers to the excretion of ± milky juice when injured. This juice is (orange) reddish in the case of the irritant kernels, with the exception of the larch kernel, which only belongs to the irritant kernel because of its genetic relationship, but has white milk and is inedible.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the salmon sparrow is 6–12 cm, rarely up to 15 cm wide. It is initially arched (convex) with a depressed center, but later becomes increasingly funnel-shaped. The hat color of the young mushroom is a strong orange, later it fades to a lighter salmon orange or salmon yellow, at best, subtle pale green tones appear on the hat. The concentric rings on the surface of the hat are striking. The hat skin is matt when dry and shiny when wet and greasy to slimy. The edge of the hat is smooth and stays curved for a long time.
The lamellas look a little paler than the hat, but are roughly the same color. They are broadly attached to the stem and run down a little with age. They are only sparsely forked, but sometimes cross-veined near the stem. The blade edges are smooth and the color of the spore powder is white.
The cylindrical stem is 3–7 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide. It sits in the middle of the hat, is straight and hollow. At the base, it can sometimes be a bit widened or tapered. The pitted areas ("water stains" or "stem pits") mostly in the lower stem area are noticeable.
The meat is - as is typical for the entire species - quite brittle and breaks easily. It is initially whitish and quickly turns orange when cut and turns wine-brown after 30–60 minutes. The smell is pleasantly fruity to slightly soapy. The taste is more or less mild to bitter or resinous and astringent . The milk is orange and turns wine-brown within 10 minutes, but it never turns green.
Microscopic features
The spores are round to elliptical, 8.2–10.4 µm long and 6.7–8.7 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spores are rarely broadly elliptical and then have a Q value of up to 1.5. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of several, partly elongated warts and ridges, which are only partly connected in a network. The hillock is large and clearly visible. The basidia are cylindrical to slightly club-shaped, 47–60 µm long and 10–12 µm wide and often contain oil droplets. They each carry four 3–7 µm long sterigms .
The numerous pleuromacrocystids are conspicuous and protrude from the hyphae. They are cylindrical, spindle-shaped or awl-shaped and often shaped like a string of pearls at the tip. They measure 30–75 × 4–8 µm. The lamellar edges are sterile, but have numerous cheilomacrocystids . These are 40–50 µm long and 6–9 µm wide and spindle-shaped to awl-shaped. The also numerous Paracystiden , that is, sterile hyphae on the blade edge, are cylindrical or wavy to spindle-shaped. They are 18–22 µm long and 4–6 µm wide.
The cap skin is a 350 µm wide ixocutis and consists of more or less parallel, partially ascending 1–7 µm wide hyphae and hyphae fragments that are bound in a gelatinized matrix.
Species delimitation
The salmon irritant kernel ( L. salmonicolor ) can be easily distinguished from other irritant kernels simply by its location near fir trees. The real irritant can be very similar . He, too, has a pity, spotted handle and a zoned hat. However, the meat and milk of the real irritant are perfectly mild, and its milk does not turn wine-brown. In addition, in contrast to the salmon irritant, it occurs under pine trees.
The similar and much more common spruce irritant ( L. deterrimus ) grows under spruces. Its flesh also turns wine-brown. However, the stem of the spruce-spruce is monochrome and not speckled. In contrast to the salmon irritant, the fruiting bodies of the spruce irritant turn green with age or when injured. Its initially mild-tasting milk turns bitter after a while and turns reddish-purple in color after 30 minutes.
ecology
The salmon-Reizker like all Milchlinge a mycorrhizal fungus, which at least almost exclusively in Central Europe with silver fir entering into a partnership. Since the mushroom follows its host, the Reizker can be found in fir-beech, beech-fir and fir forests. Occasionally it can also be found on forest paths or in parks near planted fir trees.
The salmon irritant likes fresh, base-rich and nutrient-rich soils. It can therefore be found over calcareous marls , clay soils and sands, but also over more alkaline effluent rocks such as basalt , feldspar-rich granite and gneiss . In contrast to the Fichten-Reizker, it prefers mature to old trees. It is therefore rarely found in young plantings, but more often in forests with medium-old to older trees. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious from July to November.
distribution
The salmon irritant occurs in Europe and North Africa. Its distribution area essentially corresponds to the Carpathian-Alpine silver fir area. In addition, there are only a few stray finds in planted fir trees. The main area of distribution is the Alpine region of eastern France, across the German Alpine region, northern Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Outside the Alps, the Reizker occurs in the Vosges, in the Black Forest and in the French and Swiss Jura. It can also be found from the Czech Republic to Slovakia (Carpathian Mountains).
Overall, the species is rare in Germany and only occurs a little more frequently in southern Germany (Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg); it has also been found sporadically in Saarland and North Rhine-Westphalia. The species is widespread in Austria. The salmon irritant is quite common in Switzerland. After the spruce irritant, it is the most common irritant there and one of the most common milk litters.
meaning
Due to its slight bitterness, which is not entirely perishable even when cooked, the salmon irritant is considered edible, but not a good edible mushroom .
swell
- Salmon irritant. Portrait number 39. In: Der Tintling . Volume 6, Issue 27, March 2001, ISSN 1430-595X , pp. 52–53 ( PDF ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius salmonicolor. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 30, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 102.
- ^ J. Nuytinck & A. Verbeken: Morphology and taxonomy of the European species in Lactarius sect. Deliciosi (Russulales) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 92 , 2005, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 150 (English, online [accessed October 26, 2011]).
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , pp. 354-355.
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed November 30, 2011 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 30, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Lactarius salmonicolor. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved November 30, 2011 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Salmon-Reizker).
- Lactarius salmonicolor. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved November 30, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin description).
