Crafts lesson

Weaving baskets in handicraft lessons

Needlework in handicraft lessons

Needlework in handicraft lessons (1939)

The shop class , and work education , even for short works called, is a school subject in which students craft skills are taught.

The trade needlework or textile education was either integrated in this subject or taught as an extra subject. The handicraft lessons are or existed, for example, in some German countries as well as in Austria , Switzerland and the GDR .

Course content and history

The students learn about the production of small, practical objects of daily use , the manual processing of materials such as wood , glass , metal or plastic and the associated correct use of the appropriate tools such as hammer or saw . Often the basics of electronics and electrical engineering are taught by teaching the students e.g. B. build a switch with a lamp or a light indicator for digits.

The handicraft lessons prepare, for example, to be able to carry out repairs at home or in the garden and to convey a feeling for the way objects work in everyday life. In the past, handicraft lessons were more important in the craft education of students. It is a preparation for the later vocational training. Since manual activities and occupations used to be more typical of men, sometimes only boys were taught in factories until the 1970s (and even longer in some school systems), while girls received instruction in needlework and home economics . In the GDR boys and girls were and are taught in both subjects. The work theory should combine both in one subject that is binding for everyone. A more recent approach as an alternative to handicraft lessons is design pedagogy .

Definition of terms

Crafting is similar to crafting , while crafting is a school subject and at the same time teaches the basics, crafting is a hobby .

According to the Lower Saxony core curriculum of the subject Gestaltendes works , it is not just the direct mediation of professional qualification techniques, but the productive, knowledge-promoting and creative practical activity. Specialist terminology should be learned and the technical feeling and the proper handling of tools and materials, also in a cultural-historical context, should be acquired. Your own creativity should have priority over guided activity.
Thus, there is a difference to earlier methodology of handicraft lessons, when the method, construction and workflow were more predetermined by the teacher.

Design pedagogy is about enabling aesthetic experiences through fundamental processes such as perception and design.

Planning, designing and finding solutions to problems should be an important part of the class.

Craft lessons in the subject canon

Germany

In other German federal states and school systems , technical instruction is a sub-area of industrial studies or similar subjects. In the GDR it was a compulsory subject from 1st to 6th grade .

Austria: Crafts, Crafts Education, Technical Crafts, Textile Crafts, Textile Design

In Austria, handicraft teaching has been conducted since 1987 (10th amendment to the School Organization Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 335/1987 ) as handicraft education , technical handicraft and textile design . The items are:

Preschool works as mandatory exercise

Technical and textile work as a compulsory subject in elementary and elementary schools

In the secondary school, handicraft education as a compulsory subject in the 5th and 6th grades, technical work and textile design as an alternative compulsory subject in the 7th and 8th grade

Textile work as an optional subject at the Polytechnic School - technical subjects are already central teaching content there as preparation for work

Technical work and textile design as an alternative compulsory subject in the AHS lower level

In the upper levels of the general secondary schools , craft and textile lessons are part of the visual teacher education ( visual design ), only at grammar schools with special consideration of the musical education (music grammar schools) and upper secondary grammar school ( advanced elective subject) it is also possible as an elective subject.

In the polytechnic school and at middle and higher vocational schools this subject area is the central teaching content.

Technical and textile lessons can be chosen by both boys and girls. Before that, gender-specific items, namely handicrafts and handicraft training (manual skills lessons) for boys and handicrafts for girls (female handicrafts) were common. From a subject in primary and lower secondary level , the subject area has also become compulsory subjects in higher schools , particularly under the influence of reform pedagogy .

Technical work includes "dealing with the subject areas of built environment , technology and product design / design" and should "contribute to orientation and responsible behavior towards the environment and towards" and "to cope with life in a high-tech world in ecological, economic and social terms . "
Textile work / design opens up the fields of clothing , living , designing , working or producing and consuming .

School forms of handicraft lessons

Craft education in the broadest sense is primarily covered in higher education via higher technical institutes . There are also the following special forms:

Arts and crafts schools, academies of tertiary education and higher schools

Music grammar school , schools also with an educational focus on visual and handicraft design

School for fashion and clothing technology for textile design

Werkschulheim , a special type of school in Austria

In addition, in many alternative school concepts, material-oriented work is part of the curriculum , and in schools such as Waldorf , Montessori , Pestalozzi schools or schools according to Wild , handicrafts are part of material lessons .

Individual evidence

↑ Bavarian core curriculum
↑ Lower Saxony core curriculum (PDF; 244 kB)
↑ Lessons> Curriculum. (No longer available online.) Professional Association of Austrian Art and Crafts Educators (BÖKWE), archived from the original on September 18, 2007 ; Retrieved October 23, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Work education. Educational and teaching task. In: BMUKK media pool (ed.): Curriculum of the elementary school . June 2003, Part Six ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Technical works. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK media pool (ed.): Curriculum of the elementary school . May 2007, Part Seventh ( online [PDF; accessed on October 23, 2008] Federal Law Gazette II No. 107/2007).
↑ Technical works. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum for secondary school . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Technical works. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum AHS lower level . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Textile design. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum AHS lower level . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Technical works. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum for AHS upper level . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Textile design. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum for AHS upper level . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Artistic design and work training. Educational and teaching task . In: BMUKK Medienpool (Hrsg.): Curriculum for AHS upper level . ( online [PDF; accessed October 23, 2008]).
↑ Entry on technical works in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
↑ Quote BMUKK: curriculum of the AHS lower level p. 1
↑ Quote BMUKK: curriculum of the elementary school, seventh part p. 1
↑ Quote BMUKK: Hauptschule curriculum p. 1