Wierstorf
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Wierstorf
Community Oberholz
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| Height : | 84 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 110 (Sep 1, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1974 |
| Postal code : | 29386 |
| Area code : | 05832 |
 Location of Wierstorf in Lower Saxony
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Wierstorf is a district of the municipality of Obernholz , district of Gifhorn in Lower Saxony in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath , near the border with Saxony-Anhalt and currently has 110 inhabitants.
geography
Geographical location
Wierstorf is located about 30 km south of the city of Uelzen , but administratively belongs to the district of Gifhorn . The place is located between the Südheide Nature Park and the Elbufer-Drawehn Nature Park . Wierstorf is part of the municipality Oberholz . The closest medium- sized centers are Gifhorn , Celle and Uelzen.
Neighboring communities
* Distances refer to the distance to the city center.
| City of Uelzen (30 km) | |||||
| Municipality of Obernholz (2 km) | District border district Uelzen (3 km) | ||||
| City of Celle (40 km) | Wettendorf district (4 km) |
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City of Wittingen (10 km) | State border Saxony-Anhalt (15 km) | |
| Steimke district (2 km) | Hankensbüttel municipality (3 km) | ||||
| City of Gifhorn (45 km) |
history
Place name
In documents from the Middle Ages, Wierstorf can often only be found under the name “Wideresdorp” (or similar). "Wideresdorp" means something like "Village of Aries " in a causal context . The inclusion of the ram in the place name is an indication of the long agricultural tradition in Wierstorf.
The name "peat" is therefore not a name for a place where peat was extracted from bogs, but is a modification of the name "village" and means something like "gathering of small people in the open field".
Early history
The first historical mention is dated to 1196/97. However, apparently people settled in the Wierstorfer Feldmark as early as the Neolithic between 5000 and 2000 BC. Numerous finds indicate this. Stone axes and a bronze hatchet were found in some places . It is believed that the first permanent settlement in Wierstorf was built between 700 and 1100 AD.
Middle Ages to modern times
Around 1400 Wierstorf consisted of 10 courtyards, which are arranged in the style of the Rundling . So with a village green , around which all the houses are arranged in a circle. This arrangement can often be found in the border areas of the Slavic and German populations in the Elbe river system. Due to this arrangement of the houses and the even division of the arable land at that time, Wierstorf must have been a planned settlement.
Not least because of the military and trade route leading through Hankensbüttel , the Wierstorfer suffered a lot from occupations during the Thirty Years' War . Initially under the incursion of the Catholic League and later also under the Swedes , since the Principality of Lüneburg preserved neutrality and was therefore not spared by the Protestant Swedes either. However, the village was able to recover a few years before the end of the war.
Until 1831, the Wierstorfer farmland was owned by the landlords and was only managed by the farmers on the 10 farms. The landlord received the greater part of the harvest income. This changed due to an agricultural reform in the Kingdom of Hanover . This gave the farmers the right to buy up the land and farms they cultivated. This right was used by all 10 farms.
The first consequences of this change of ownership were land consolidations, so-called couplings. Here, the small fields were combined into larger ones in order to counteract the “small field economy”. When coupling, arable and pasture land, which previously belonged to the village community, was divided between the adjacent farms. This enabled the farmers to use their land more intensively.
Since the farmers had to go into debt to buy the arable land from the landlord and the community, several of the 10 farms that had existed since the Middle Ages had to give up. The transfer of the tithe debt, which included all other redemption obligations, also contributed to this process.
In the last third of the 19th century a new social class settled in Wierstorf, that of the small farmers, known as "cultivators". The land that had become free was now bought up by people who weren't farmers and didn't even come from Wierstorf. So new farms were created, but they were only active as a sideline because their area was usually too small. Many of these smallholders also worked as artisans, servants, forest workers or day laborers.
By the end of the 19th century, 14 smallholders had settled in Wierstorf, so that the number of farms rose to 22. In addition to the original distribution of the arable land, the visual image of the village itself changed. If it was still a Rundling until then, this image was destroyed by the smallholders who built their farms outside the Rundling and the loss of the original farms.
The First World War
Rising food prices before and after the First World War increased the prosperity of the people of Wierstorf, as agriculture was the main source of income for most of the people of Wierstorf until the following World War. This increase in prosperity was supported by the increase in arable land through reclamation of forest. Most of this hard work was done by the 21 prisoners of war who lived in Wierstorf during the war. Later it was continued by the returning men, so that the size of the Wierstorfer Feldmark increased.
During the war itself, 33 Wierstorfer served in the Imperial Army , three of whom died in the war.
In the time after the World War, the people of Wierstorf showed themselves to be rather sluggish in revolution, mainly due to the high food prices. The most elected party at this time was the German Hannoversche Party in Wierstorf.
Wierstorf in the time of National Socialism
This only changed with the Reichstag elections in 1930 , when the majority of the Wierstorf people voted for National Socialists. But contemporary witnesses reported that the Wierstorfer did not exactly behave in conformity with the party. In general, they were not particularly active in the Hitler Youth or in the Association of German Girls , and bans such as listening to English radio stations or listening to "black" music were not reported to one another in the village. Nevertheless, the propaganda also had an effect in Wierstorf. Before the start of the war in 1939, most of the adult men in the village had joined the NSDAP ; there were SA members and two SS members.
The Second World War hit Wierstorf hard. 13 men did not come back, what u. a. brought about the decline of one of the original 10 farms. As in the First World War, prisoners of war were again housed to work in the field in Wierstorf. As the end of the war approached, more and more refugees from the eastern regions came to Wierstorf. The number of inhabitants rose to 350, a mark that was never reached again.
On May 12, 1945, American soldiers moved into quarters in Wierstorf. They monitored the Feldmark after fleeing German soldiers and appointed a new mayor who had no Nazi past. Gradually the refugees left again. In Wierstorf they helped as workers on the farms to which they were distributed. Over time, many of them found work in industry.
post war period
After the Second World War, serious structural changes began in Wierstorf. Between 1950 and 1970 the maids and servants disappeared due to increasing mechanization. In the last 30 years from 1970 almost all smallholders gave up their farms and leased their land. However, some continued to farm them as a sideline. Today four of the original 10 farms still exist, all of which are full-time. One of the small businesses is still managed full-time and three are part-time.
Summary
In conclusion, one can say that Wierstorf almost consistently had between 125 and 150 inhabitants. The shape of the round was lost about 150 years ago, and the uniform employment structure changed a good 50 years ago. Today most of the people from Wierstorf are employed outside of agriculture. Only five companies are still full-time. Four of the original 10 establishments.
Incorporation
On March 1, 1974, Wierstorf was incorporated into the new Obernholz community.
Economy and Infrastructure
Public facilities
- School : From 1770 there was a separate school in Wierstorf. The teacher was provided by the church until 1918, but for a long time had to be maintained by the people of Wierstorf themselves. During the Second World War, the school was relocated to the neighboring village of Steimke and was not set up again in Wierstorf until 1946. 1966 Wierstorf lost its own school. Since then, teaching has been in Hankensbüttel .
- Fire brigade and civil protection: In Wierstorf there has been a voluntary fire brigade with basic equipment since 1914 . Today it has around 20 active and several passive members. The fire brigade was founded when there was a severe moor fire in the neighboring Schweimker Moor in 1914. The equipment necessary to extinguish such a fire was not available in Wierstorf. Extinguishing buckets that were filled in human chains were the only way to fight a fire until then. In order to be better prepared in the event of a repeated fire, the Wierstorfer founded the fire brigade.
politics
The mayor is currently Ernst-Wilhelm Wolter.
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 227 .