Wilhelmitenkloster Limburg

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The choir of today's Anna Church was originally part of the monastery in front of the Diezer Tor.
Medieval stained glass window (middle window) in the choir of the former monastery church

The Wilhelmitenkloster Limburg was a monastery of the Order of the Hermits of Saint Wilhelm in Limburg an der Lahn , Hesse . It existed from the 13th century to 1568. Parts of the monastery complex have been preserved in the listed Anna Church .

history

The exact founding date of the monastery is unknown. Presumably the monks came to the city at the invitation of Gerlach I of Limburg († 1289). The first location of the monastery was an island in the Lahn below today's Limburg bridge . The friars dedicated themselves particularly to the nursing of the sick and the accommodation of passing pilgrims as well as the pastoral care. After the foundation of the Franciscan monastery Limburg in 1232, the Wilhelmitenkloster was the second and last medieval monastery to be founded in the city. The Limburg Wilhelmites were referred to as Windsbach monks in contemporary sources . The name could be derived from the now piped Windsbach in the Diezer suburb . Alternatively, the origin of the founding convention from the Wilhelmitenkloster Windsbach near Bacharach is given as the reason.

Since the original location on the Lahn Island was endangered by floods, the order tried to move the monastery. In 1317, the Archbishop of Trier , Baldwin of Luxembourg, gave permission to move the monastery. The monks then moved into a courtyard in front of the Diezer Tor , which they had acquired from the Eberbach monastery . The courtyard was in the middle of the suburbs built under Gerlach II of Limburg . The new monastery was dedicated to William of Malavalle , the founder of the order. The Wilhelmskirche was probably built between 1320 and 1350. Over the next two centuries, the monks expanded the farm into an extensive monastery with commercial operations.

Founded in 1350 Klause of Wilhelmitinnen at Fachingen was of their founder, the gentlemen Westerburg assumed the Limburg Wilhelmitenkloster. The hermitage was inhabited by ten nuns. In 1472 Pope Sixtus IV raised the hermitage to an independent Wilhelmitinnenkloster Fachingen . Another Wilhelmitinnenklause existed from 1389 to 1564 at Freiendiez .

A brotherhood of St. James was founded at the Limburg monastery in 1467 . This was a prayer brotherhood. Her relatives were lay people and had the right to be buried in the church. In return, they were obliged to attend church regularly and do charitable works. The monastery church was a station in the seven-church procession that was held until 1562 based on the Roman model .

In the early 16th century the monastery temporarily developed into a local center of devotion to St. Anne . This seems to go back to the Limburg prior Peter von Düren, who brought the veneration of Anna from his hometown Düren , where it has flourished since the robbery of the Assumption in 1501. In the Wilhelmitenkloster Limburg an Annar reliquary , now unknown lost, is said to have been kept. For the first time in 1511, an Annabruder was recorded at the monastery. The Limburg Miracle Book has been preserved from this time , in which a total of 41 miracles are listed for the period from July 22, 1511 to January 5, 1512, which were ascribed to the Shrine of Anna. Presumably on the basis of this protocol, Archbishop Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads granted an indulgence in 1512 for the Anna pilgrimages to the Limburg Wilhelmitenkloster. However, this first phase of the veneration of Anna in Limburg was short-lived. The brotherhood was mentioned for the last time in 1516. At the latest with the abolition of the monastery it fell into oblivion. A representation from this phase of Anna herself third - Anna , Maria and Jesuskind -, created by the so-called master with the bib , has survived to this day. Only in the 18th century did the veneration of Anna flourish again in Limburg.

During the Reformation there was a decline in monasticism. With the death of Friedrich von Dehrn, his last prior, in 1568 the monastery ceased to exist. The Fachinger daughter monastery had already been abolished in 1564.

The Limburg monastery complex fell to the Archdiocese of Trier . She transferred this in exchange to the city of Limburg, which she used for the Heilig-Geist-Spital . The former monastery church was later enlarged and consecrated to St. Anne. The medieval glass windows from the church choir have been preserved to this day. They were made for the Wilhelmitenkloster in the middle of the 14th century. The preserved remains of the monastery archive are now in the Hessian main state archive .

Priors

The monastery in Limburg was headed by a prior .

  • Konrad (around 1328)
  • Johann Meler (around 1395)
  • Peter von Düren (around 1511)
  • Friedrich von Dehrn (around 1568)

literature

  • Franz-Karl Nieder: The Limburg Hospital and the Anna Church . City of Limburg, Limburg 2005, ISBN 3-936162-99-9 .
  • Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann: Brothers and Sisters of the Wilhelmites - The monastery in Limburg an der Lahn and the hermitage in Fachingen . In: Religious Movements in the Middle Ages . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-20060-2 .
  • Friedhelm Juergensmeister: Closter of the Wyndsbach zu Lympurg outside of the stedemuren - The Wilhelmites in Limburg . In: Limburg in the flow of time . City of Limburg, Limburg 2010, ISBN 3-936162-08-5 .

Web links

Commons : Wilhelmitenkloster Limburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑  Description of the holdings “Freiendiez, Klause” (HHStAW inventory 26). In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).
  2. ↑ Wolfram Nicol (ed.): The Limburg Cathedral . Self-rel. d. Ges. For Middle Rhine. Church history, Mainz 1985, p. 9 ( dilibri.de ).
  3. ↑ stock identity "Limburg, Wilhelmiten"  (HHStAW component 43). In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).

Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '14.8 "  N , 8 ° 3' 45.4"  E