William Brewster (ornithologist)

William Brewster

William Brewster (born July 5, 1851 in Wakefield , Massachusetts , † July 11, 1919 in Cambridge , Massachusetts) was an American ornithologist who founded the American Ornithologists' Union with Joel Asaph Allen and Elliott Coues .

Life

William Brewster was the son of John Brewster, a respected Boston banker who was born and raised in Wolfeboro , New Hampshire . His mother, Rebecca Parker (Noyes), was born in East Bradford (now Groveland ). His ancestors probably included the Brewster family, an English pilgrim family to which William Brewster (1566–1643) belonged and who immigrated to America on the sailing ship Mayflower . William Brewster was the youngest of four children. Both his sister and his two brothers died in his earliest childhood.

In 1845 his father bought the manor house Riedesel in Cambridge, the name of which goes back to Friedrich Adolf Riedesel (1738-1800) and his wife who moved into the property after the surrender of John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga . The house itself had a long tradition and the young Brewster spent his entire childhood in it. After his father's death in 1887, Brewster demolished the old building and built a new house in its place.

His school career took him through the Cambridge public schools. After attending Washington Grammar School , he moved to Cambridge High School , where he was preparing for Harvard University , which he never attended. His poor health and particularly his poor eyesight prevented him from studying. At the end of his school years he could hardly read and his knowledge was limited to the lessons his mother read to him.

In 1869 the father tried to find a place for his son in his company. The attempt failed miserably and Brewster resigned after less than a year. On February 9, 1878, he married Caroline Freeman Kettell of Boston, who eventually survived her husband.

Career

Given the adverse conditions of his academic career, it was not surprising that Brewster abandoned the idea of ​​a university education and that his future career did not look promising. It was all the more surprising why Brewster developed an interest in nature, of all things. At the age of ten he met the later sculptor Daniel Chester French (1850–1931), with whom he became a close friend. At the same age, his father gave him a single-barreled rifle and taught him to use it without endangering himself or others. French's father was also a hunter and also knew how to groom and stuff animals. It was these external factors that made Brewster interested in birds, and it was at the origin of his ornithological career. On January 1, 1862, he received his first lesson in taxidermy from French's father . In addition to Brewster and French, the neighborhood children Ruthven Deane (1851-1934) and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (1815-1882) were willing to learn in these lessons. They all collected bird eggs and stuffed their birds that they had shot on their excursions. While all friends later pursued a different career, Brewster had found his calling in ornithology. At the age of 14 he had already prepared some of his own birds and collected many nests with eggs. His knowledge of the local Massachusetts birds was already precise and extensive. Gradually he refined the craft of bird preparation, because in his eyes it served two useful purposes. On the one hand, there is the labeled scientific type that has been set aside for study, and on the other, an object of beauty that satisfies the aesthetic senses.

There was little ornithological literature in Brewster's day, but he was fortunate enough to have a copy of Thomas Nuttall's (1786-1859) A manual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada in French's library . When his father became aware of his son's interest, he gave him the Royal Octavo Edition of John James Audubon's (1785-1851) The birds of America .

While still at Cambridge High School , he met Henry W. Henshaw (1850–1930) in 1865 , who, like Brewster, was also unable to attend university for health reasons. Both had very similar interests and a lifelong friendship developed. He spent a lot of time with him in the fields and in the woods, always looking for new birds and their eggs. Practically with the sunrise both roamed preferably through the Fresh Pond swamps but also through Belmont, Waverley, Lexington or Concord. Occasionally they were accompanied by Deane and Henry Augustus Purdie (1840-1911). So Brewster's collection grew rapidly, and he owned almost every local bird species. It became one of the largest collections in the country, which Brewster eventually bequeathed to the Museum of Comparative Zoology .

The father had good connections with the Brewster Free Academy in Wolfeboro , New Hampshire , an academy he co-founded and continued. The father's great affection for his place of birth and the belief in the productivity of the academy in a remote rural area were important reasons for this support. He also put his son and other relatives here. William was aware of his father's plans to use a significant portion of his fortune for the academy. There was no resistance from him without realizing what a wise decision it was. Over time, he changed his attitude towards the academy and was convinced that the fortune could hardly be better used. He served as the academy's fiduciary until his death , a task his father had entrusted to him.

After his father's death in 1886, he took over his property. His first act was to erect a fence to keep the neighborhood cats off the property to protect his beloved birds from these predators. At the same time he built them bathing and drinking facilities and planted berry bushes. He also built a museum between 1886 and 1887 to protect his books and his growing collection.

Like Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), Brewster was closely associated with Concord . His experiences and experiments that he made in Concord were more of a fortuitous nature. Together with Dan French and Jim Melvin, he was often on the hunt in this area. In the summer of 1886 and 1887 he lived there with his wife in an old parsonage, which already inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864) for his work Mosses from an Old Manse and Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) for his book Nature . In 1890 he heard that Davis Hill was up for sale, an estate with many venerable pine trees. Gradually he bought more properties until he had a property of more than 300 acres . He finally named this property October Farm . The trees were made up almost entirely of pine, oak and beech, and it was one of Brewster's worst experiences when gold afters and wandering people destroyed almost all of its oak trees. Little by little, he witnessed motor boats disrupting his canoe trips, polluting the river and causing the disappearance of aquatic plants and fish. It was the initial spark to completely stop his hunts on the river. Later he lived on his farm, always cared for by his friend of color Robert Alexander Gilbert (1870–1942), who acted as a gifted but unknown photographer. In the evenings he would often write down his observations or discuss Thoreau's books, with Walden: Or, Life in the Woods among his favorites. Unsuitable for agriculture and ranching, Brewster always hired a farmer and his wife for the arduous work. The yields have never been exorbitant, but Brewster's efforts to make them profitable have been rather modest. If a bird or a croissant messed with its beans, corn or strawberries, it would only say succinctly to the complaining farmers: "OK, remember to plant more next year so that there is enough for us all." agricultural interest was limited to the care of a small apple orchard. Even if he was never an avid botanist, he planted many flowering plants and rare bushes that he got from many parts of the country. None of the topics mentioned fascinated him as much as the avifauna. For more than twenty years not a single rifle shot has been fired in the area of October Farm , nor has a bird or animal been disturbed by humans. Falcon, crow, blue jay, skunks, foxes or other birds and wildlife, everyone was welcome in Brewster's realm. His only interventions in the natural cycle of nature were the setting up of incubators and the sowing of plants for a living. The result of this experiment was very surprising at the time. The bird population remained almost constant over a period of 20 years. It was true that the distribution of species had changed as the number of bush birds such as warblers and vireos increased, but the number of partridges , for example, remained constant even though they brood there every year. For many years a pair of yellow-bellied flycatchers nested in a cave in a particular tree and raised their brood. But each year only one pair came back and he never managed to find another in the immediate vicinity. In the case of the partridges, he could explain it to himself that the adult birds scare away the younger ones in order to ensure their own survival. It was harder for him to explain that the entire bird population remained constant. So he came to the conclusion that one would have to destroy all predators in order to achieve an increase in smaller birds. In the beginning he was a passionate hunter who liked to exchange ideas with others of this guild, but in the course of his life he changed into a person who completely rejected animal hunting just for fun and completely renounced this sport.

Between 1886 and 1887 he built a museum on the inherited country estate, in which he exhibited his growing bird collection and his books. The room served him for study purposes and many of his publications were created in it. The room was also used for the two-week meetings of the Nuttall Ornithological Club until his death . Since the collection grew steadily, Walter Deane (1848–1930) helped him as a curator from 1897 to 1907 . In 1891 Brewster was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Although Brewster published notable books such as Birds of the Cape Region of Lower California and The Birds of the Cambridge Region of Massachusetts , he found it difficult to write. He was often supported by his wife Caroline. Even if Brewster hardly wrote any reviews, he was considered an exemplary co-referee. For example, as co-editor of Henry Davis Minots (1859–1890) The land-birds and game-birds of New England, he contributed important notes to the text without distorting the handwriting of the first author. The majority of his more than 300 publications appeared between the years 1876 and 1900. Following the example of Thoreau, he kept a diary in which he meticulously recorded his observations of the day.

The Amherst College awarded him in 1880 a Master of Arts and the Harvard University followed suit in the 1889th

Memberships

Since 1871 a few young people have met every week around Brewster to discuss ornithological literature and observations. On November 24, 1873, founded Francis Parkman Atkinson (1851-1874), Harry Balch Bailey (1853-1928), William Brewster, Ruthven Deane, Henry W. Henshaw, Henry Augustus Purdie, William Earl Dodge Scott (1852-1910), Ernest Ingersoll (1852–1946) and Dr. Walter Woodman (1852–1928) finally founded the Nuttall Ornithological Club, America's oldest ornithological club. The well-known English botanist and zoologist Thomas Nuttall was the inspiration for the name of the club. Brewster presided over from its inception until his death.

Inspired by the success of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) was founded as a national institution. On September 26, 1883, Brewster met in New York with Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921) and Elliott Coues (1842–1899) to start the new organization. After the establishment of the Union, Brewster became a member of a five-member committee, together with Coues, Allen, Ridgway and Henshaw, which was responsible for the taxonomy and nomenclature of North American birds. In 1895 he was finally elected President of the AOU, an office that he held until 1898. Since the protection of birds was very important to him, he also became a member of the Council for the Protection of Birds of the AOU in 1886 and as such he organized the first Audubon Society in America. He later became director and eventually president of the Audubon Society of Massachusetts.

After his death in 1920, Brewster's friends donated $ 5,200 to the AOU to set up a William Brewster Memorial Fund. Starting in 1921, the money was to be used every two years to award a personality with the William Brewster Medal , an award for authors who had made ornithological publications on birds in the Western Hemisphere . So it was said after the 37th meeting of the AOU in New York:

"[...] in the form of a medal and an honorarium to the author of the most important contribution to the ornithology of the Western Hemisphere, during the period named."

From 1880 to 1889, Brewster was in charge of the Boston Society of Natural History's animal and bird collection . From 1885 to 1900 he held the same position at the Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zoology . From 1900 until his death he was solely responsible for the bird department. It was here that he came into contact with Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), a man whom he had the greatest respect.

After serving on the decision-making body of the Fish and Game Protective Association of Massachusetts for a few years , he was also elected president for two years there in 1906. Since Brewster was interested in further development, he had a large part in the organization of the American Game Protective and Propagation Association and on whose committee he served until his death.

to travel

Brewster was not considered the great researcher and discoverer. Rather, he enjoyed the landscape of his home. Occasional trips took him to Ritchie County , West Virginia in 1874, and in 1878 he visited his friend Robert Ridgway in Mount Carmel . In the spring of 1881 he broke up with Alpheus Hyatt (1838-1902), Samuel Henshaw (1852-1941), Edward Gardiner (1854-1907), Washington Caruthers Kerr (1827-1885) and Edward Royal Warren (1860-1942) on the yacht Arethusa on a trip to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence . The trip began in Annisquam, Massachusetts. The purpose of the research was to collect fossils , birds, insects and plants. The following year he visited JA Allen in Colorado . Together with Allen, he gained completely new experiences in six weeks. In May 1883 he visited South Carolina , where he pitched his tent in Charleston . Together with Arthur Trezevant Wayne (1863-1930) he tried to find the Swainson wood warbler ( Limnothlypis swainsonii ), a species that was first collected in 1832 by John Bachman (1790-1874) and has not been seen for almost half a century. Even if the first year was still unsuccessful, the following year succeeded in discovering specimens and studying their song and habitat. In 1885 he studied bird migration in the Bay of Fundy , which led to his only publication on the subject, entitled Bird Migration. Together with Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) a trip on the Suwannee River followed on a houseboat . Two years later, in 1883, Chapman also went to Trinidad , his first and only trip to the tropics.

A trip in 1887 also took him to mainland Europe. In the years 1891, 1909 and 1911 he visited England and for the first time had the opportunity to study birds that he had previously only known from books. He paid several times to John Alexander Harvie-Brown (1844-1916) in Scotland a visit. During his 1909 trip he met the well-known British writer Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) by chance .

Works

• A variety of the blackbird . In: The American Naturalist . tape 2 , 1868, p. 217-218 .
• A Mottled Owl again . In: The American Naturalist . tape 3 , 1869, p. 334-335 .
• Charles Johnson Maynard: A Catalog of the Birds of Coos Co., NH, and Oxford Co., Me .; with annotations relative to the breeding habits, migrations, etc. With Notes by William Brewster . In: Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History . tape 14 , 1871, p. 356-385 .
• Birds new to Massachusetts fauna . In: The American Naturalist . tape 6 , 1872, p. 306-307 .
• The drumming of the Ruffed Grouse . In: The American Sportsman . tape 4 , 1874, p. 7 .
• Love notes of the Woodcock . In: The American Sportsman . tape 4 , 1874, p. 19 .
• The Ruffed Grouse again . In: The American Sportsman . tape 4 , 1874, p. 74 .
• Spizella breweri (?) In Massachusetts . In: The American Naturalist . tape 8 , 1874, p. 366-367 .
• A new bird to Massachusetts . In: The American Sportsman . tape 4 , 1874, p. 257 .
• Woodcock . In: The American Sportsman . tape 4 , 1874, p. 314 .
• Some notes on a new species of North American tern . In: The American Sportsman . tape 5 , 1875, p. 249 .
• Explanatory . In: The American Sportsman . tape 5 , 1875, p. 291 .
• How careless! In: The American Sportsman . tape 5 , 1875, p. 291 .
• Occurence of the fork-tailed gull (Xema Sabinei) in Mass. In: The American Sportsman . tape 5 , 1875, p. 370 .
• Habits of the Mourning Warbler (Geothypis Philadelphia) . In: The Rod and the Gun . tape 6 , 1875, p. 50-51 .
• Some Observations on the Birds of Ritchie County, West Virginia . In: Annals of The Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 11 , no. 1 , 1875, p. 129-146 .
• Some additional light on the so-called Sterna portlandica, Ridgway . In: Annals of The Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 11 , no. 1 , 1875, p. 201-297 .
• Winter habits of buzzard hawks . In: Forest and Stream . tape 6 , 1876, p. 3 .
• Can quail withhold their scent? In: The Rod and the Gun . tape 7 , 1876, p. 344-345 .
• Sterna portlandica, Ridgway . In: The Rod and the Gun . tape 8 , 1876, p. 37 .
• Description of a new species of Helminthophaga (with a plaque) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1876, p. 1-2 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• On the occurrence of certain birds in the New England states . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1876, p. 17-20 .
• Occurence of the Curlew Sandpiper in Massachusetts . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1876, p. 51-52 .
• The Ipswich Sparrow in New Brunswick . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1876, p. 52 .
• The Yellow-bellied Woodpecker (Sphyrapicus varius) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1876, p. 63-70 .
• Black-and-yellow warbler (Dendroeca maculosa) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1877, p. 1-7 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Two undescribed nests of California Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1877, p. 37-38 .
• An undescribed hybrid between two North American Grouse . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 2 , no. 3 , 1877, p. 66-68 .
• The Yellow-throated Warbler (Dendroeca dominica) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 2 , no. 4 , 1877, p. 102-106 .
• Descriptions of the First Plumage of Various Species of North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1878, p. 15-23 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of the First Plumage of Various Species of North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 2 , 1878, p. 56-64 .
• Descriptions of the First Plumage of Various Species of North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1878, p. 115-123 .
• The Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1878, p. 133-135 .
• Nesting of the Large-billed Water Thrush (Siurus motacilla) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1878, p. 153-162 .
• Descriptions of the First Plumage of Various Species of North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1878, p. 175-182 .
• The terns of the New England Coast . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1879, p. 13–22 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of the First Plumage of Various Species of North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1879, p. 39-46 .
• Notes on the habits and distribution of the rufous-crowned sparrow. (Peucaea ruficeps) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1879, p. 47-48 .
• On the habits and nesting of certain rare birds in Texas . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1879, p. 75-80 .
• Notes upon the Distribution, Habits and Nesting of the Black Capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1879, p. 99-103 .
• Breeding Habits of the American Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris americana) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , no. 4 , 1879, p. 199-209 .
• Notes on the habits and distribution of the Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicns) . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 5 , no. 1 , 1880, p. 1-7 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• With the birds on a Florida river . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1881, p. 38-44 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on some Birds from Arizona and New Mexico, with a description of a supposed new Whip-poor-Will . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 2 , 1881, p. 65-73 .
• Critical notes on a petrel new to North America . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 2 , 1881, p. 91-97 .
• On the affinities of certain Polioptilae, with a description of a new species . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 2 , 1881, p. 101-107 .
• Breeding of the Acadian Owl (Nyctale acadica) in Massachusetts . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 3 , 1881, p. 143-145 .
• On the Relationship of Helminthophaga leucobronchialis, Brewster, and Helminthophaga lawrencei, Herrick; with some conjectures respecting certain other North American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 6 , no. 4 , 1881, p. 218-225 .
• Notes on the Habits and Changes of Plumage of the Acadian Owl (Nyctale acadica), with some additional Records of its Breeding in Massachusetts . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 1 , 1882, p. 23-25 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• On Kennicott's Owl and some of its allies, with a description of a proposed new race . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 1 , 1882, p. 27-33 .
• On a collection of birds lately made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1882, p. 65-86 .
• Impressions of some southern birds . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1882, p. 94-104 .
• On a collection of birds lately made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 3 , 1882, p. 135-147 .
• On a collection of birds lately made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1882, p. 193-212 .
• Notes on some Birds collected by Capt. Charles Bendire, at Fort Walla Walla, Washington Territory . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1882, p. 225-233 .
• Notes on the birds observed during a summer cruise in the Gulf of St. Lawrence . In: Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History . tape 22 , 1883, p. 364-412 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Bicknell's Thrush (Turdus Aliciae Bicknelli) in New England . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 1 , 1883, p. 12-17 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• On a collection of Birds lately made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 1 , 1883, p. 21-36 .
• Holböll's Red-poll (Aegiothus linaria holboelli) in New England . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1883, p. 95-99 .
• with Joel Asaph Allen: List of Birds Observed in the Vicinity of Colorado Springs, Colorado, during March, April and May, 1882 . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 3 , 1883, p. 151-161 .
• with Joel Asaph Allen: List of Birds Observed in the Vicinity of Colorado Springs, Colorado, during March, April and May, 1882 . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 4 , 1883, p. 189-198 .
• On an apparently new gull from eastern North America . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , no. 4 , 1883, p. 214-219 .
• Notes on the Summer Birds of Berkshire County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1884, p. 5–16 ( online (PDF; 568 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Recent Occurrence of the Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1884, p. 93 ( online (PDF; 56 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Singular Specimen of the Black-and-White Creeper . In: The Auk . tape 1 , no. 2 , 1884, p. 190–192 ( online (PDF; 153 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Swainson's Warbler . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 65–80 ( online (PDF; 749 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Heath Hen of Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 80–84 ( online (PDF; 233 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Preliminary notes on some birds obtained in Arizona by Mr. F. Stephens in 1884 . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 84–85 ( online (PDF; 95 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Peucaea aestivalis and its subspecies illinoensis . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 105 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Swainson's Warbler-An Omission . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 105–106 ( online (PDF; 103 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Hawk Owls in New England . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 108–109 ( online (PDF; 106 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Eider Ducks of the New England Coast . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1885, p. 111 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Additional notes on some birds collected in Arizona and the adjoining Province of Sonora, Mexico, by Mr. F. Stephens in 1884; with a description of a new species of Ortyx . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1885, p. 112 ( online (PDF; 59 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Rock Ptarmigan of Newfoundland . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1885, p. 196–200 ( online (PDF; 253 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Common Cormorant in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1885, p. 193–195 ( online (PDF; 141 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Nelson's Sharp-tailed Finch (Ammodramus caudacutus Nelsoni) on the Atlantic Coast . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1885, p. 216 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Ptarmigan of Anticosti-A Correction . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 2 , 1885, p. 220–221 ( online (PDF; 108 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Additional Notes on the Nest and Eggs of Swainson's Warbler (Helinaia Swainsoni) . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 4 , 1885, p. 346–348 ( online (PDF; 136 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The oyster catcher (Hoematopus palliatus) in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 2 , no. 4 , 1885, p. 384 ( online (PDF; 56 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An ornithological reconnaissance in western North Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1886, p. 94–112 ( online (PDF; 954 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Bridled Tern (Sterna Anaethetus) in South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1886, p. 131 ( online (PDF; 44 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Additions to the Avi fauna of Texas . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1886, p. 139 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An ornithological reconnaissance in western North Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 2 , 1886, p. 173–179 ( online (PDF; 372 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Junco Hyemalis Nesting in a Bush . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 2 , 1886, p. 277–278 ( online (PDF; 102 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Orange-crowned Warbler in Eastern Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 2 , 1886, p. 278 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Additional notes on Peale's Petrel (Aestrelata gularis) . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 389–393 ( online (PDF; 249 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Aegialitis Meloda Circumcincta on the Coast of South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 408 ( online (PDF; 51 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Vireo Solitarius Alticola at Charleston, South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 410 ( online (PDF; 50 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Ammodramus Lecontei Near Charleston, South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 410 ( online (PDF; 50 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria Citrea) in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 410-411 ( online (PDF; 103 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An Interesting Specimen of Helminthopila . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 411–412 ( online (PDF; 109 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Yellow-billed Tropic Bird in Florida . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1886, p. 481 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the White-faced Glossy Ibis in Florida . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1886, p. 481–482 ( online (PDF; 105 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• A red-headed black vulture . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1886, p. 483–484 ( online (PDF; 112 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Two Additional Massachusetts Specimens of the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria Citrea) . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 4 , 1886, p. 487–488 ( online (PDF; 105 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Bird migration . In: Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 1 , 1886, p. 1–22 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• The Black Gyrfalcon (Falco Rusticolus Obsoletus) in Eastern Maine . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1887, p. 75 ( online (PDF; 56 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Golden Eagle in Eastern Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1887, p. 75 ( online (PDF; 56 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Three New Forms of North American Birds . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 145–149 ( online (PDF; 222 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Common Murre (Uria Troille) and the Razor-billed Auk (Alca Torda) on the New England Coast . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 158 ( online (PDF; 49 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Further Notes on the Masked Bob-white (Colinus Ridgwayi) . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 159–160 ( online (PDF; 111 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Third New England Specimen of Swainson's Hawk (Buteo Swainsoni) . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 160 ( online (PDF; 60 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Capture of a Fish Crow (Corvus Ossifragus) at Wareham, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 162 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Redpolls of Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 163–164 ( online (PDF; 110 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An Overlooked Specimen of Bachman's Warbler . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 165 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Discovery of the Nest and Eggs of the Western Warbler (Dendroica Occidentalis) . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 2 , 1887, p. 166–167 ( online (PDF; 115 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Hummingbirds Feeding their Young on Insects . In: The Auk . tape 4 , no. 3 , 1887, p. 255 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 1 , 1888, p. 82–95 ( online (PDF; 697 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Prairie Horned Lark (Otocoris Alpestris Praticola) on the Coast of Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 1 , 1888, p. 111–112 ( online (PDF; 105 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• On Three Apparently New Subspecies of Mexican Birds . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 2 , 1888, p. 136–139 ( online (PDF; 192 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Quiscalus quiscula Aglaeus at Charleston, South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 2 , 1888, p. 208 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the Golden-crested Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) in Worcester County, Massachusetts, with a description of its nest and eggs . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1888, p. 337–344 ( online (PDF; 434 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on the Birds of Winchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1888, p. 386–393 ( online (PDF; 385 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Second Maine (and Fourth New England) Specimen of Swainson's Hawk (Buteo Swainsoni) . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1888, p. 424 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Cistothorus Palustris Marianae on the Coast of Georgia . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1888, p. 432 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Present Status of Forster's Tern as a Bird of New England . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1889, p. 66–67 ( online (PDF; 97 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Western Sandpiper (Ereunetes Occidentalis) in Numbers on the Coast of Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1889, p. 69 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Krider's Hawk (Buteo Borealis Kriderii) on the Coast of Georgia . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1889, p. 70 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Second Occurrence of the Prairie Horned Lark in Eastern Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1889, p. 71–72 ( online (PDF; 104 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Western North America and Mexico . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 2 , 1889, p. 85–98 ( online (PDF; 689 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Dendroica Coronata Feeding Upon Oranges . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 3 , 1889, p. 279 ( online (PDF; 55 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The present status of the wild pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) as a bird of the United States, with some notes on its habits . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 4 , 1889, p. 285–291 ( online (PDF; 332 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Melanerpes Carolinus Eating Oranges . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 4 , 1889, p. 336–337 ( online (PDF; 112 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Nesting Habits of the Parrakeet (Conurus Carolinensis) . In: The Auk . tape 6 , no. 4 , 1889, p. 337–338 ( online (PDF; 117 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Recent Occurrence of the Turkey Vulture in Eastern Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1890, p. 204–205 ( online (PDF; 100 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Capture of a Third Specimen of the Barn Owl in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1890, p. 205 ( online (PDF; 55 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Food of Young Hummingbirds . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1890, p. 206–207 ( online (PDF; 109 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Purple Grackle at Charleston, South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1890, p. 208 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow and Scott's Seaside Sparrow on the Coast of South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 2 , 1890, p. 212 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Summer Robin Roosts . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1890, p. 360–373 ( online (PDF; 672 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A New Subspecies of the Solitary Sandpiper . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1890, p. 377–379 ( online (PDF; 134 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the Pileated Woodpecker in Worcester County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1890, p. 400–401 ( online (PDF; 102 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Study of Florida Gallinules, with Some Notes on a Nest Found at Cambridge, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 1 , 1891, p. 1–7 ( online (PDF; 370 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• together with Frank Michler Chapman: Notes on the Birds of the Lower Suwanee River . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1891, p. 125–138 ( online (PDF; 743 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of Seven Supposed New North American Birds . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1891, p. 139–149 ( online (PDF; 522 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on Bachman's Warbler (Helminthophila bachmani) . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1891, p. 149–157 ( online (PDF; 446 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Whistling Swan in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1891, p. 232 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Megascops Asio Macfarlanei-A Correction . In: The Auk . tape 8 , no. 2 , 1891, p. 237 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Some Additional Eastern Records of Swainson's Hawk (Buteo Swainsoni) . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1893, p. 82–83 ( online (PDF; 108 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Description of a new hummingbird from northern Mexico . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1893, p. 214–215 ( online (PDF; 82 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Description of a New Marsh Wren, with Critical Notes on Cistothorus Marianæ Scott . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1893, p. 215–219 ( online (PDF; 228 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Brood of Young Flickers (Colaptes auratus) and How They Were Fed . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1893, p. 231–236 ( online (PDF; 275 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• On the occurrence of certain birds in British Columbia . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1893, p. 236–237 ( online (PDF; 94 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Ipswich Sparrow (Ammodramus Princeps) on the coast of Georgia . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1893, p. 302 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Two corrections . In: The Auk . tape 10 , no. 4 , 1893, p. 365 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes and Song-Flight of the Woodcock (Philohela minor) . In: The Auk . tape 11 , no. 4 , 1894, pp. 291–298 ( online (PDF; 376 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the Prairie Horned Lark (Otocoris Alpestris Praticola) Near Pittsfield, Mass. In: The Auk . tape 11 , no. 4 , 1894, pp. 326–327 ( online (PDF; 110 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Note on the Habits of the Northern Shrike (Lanius Borealis) . In: The Auk . tape 11 , no. 4 , 1894, pp. 329–330 ( online (PDF; 111 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Remarkable Plumage of the Prairie Hen (Tympanuehus americanus) . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1895, p. 99–100 ( online (PDF; 135 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on Certain Flycatchers of the Genus Empidonax . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1895, p. 157–163 ( online (PDF; 297 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The White Gyrfalcon in New England . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1895, p. 180 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Second Occurrence of Harris's Sparrow (Zonotrichia Querula) in British Columbia . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1895, p. 182 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Ground Nest of the Black-throated Green Warbler . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 2 , 1895, p. 184–185 ( online (PDF; 106 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• together with Frank Michler Chapman: Notes on birds observed in Trinidad . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1895, p. 201–211 ( online (PDF; 559 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Remarkable Flight of Pine Grosbeaks (Pinicola enucleator) . In: The Auk . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1895, p. 245–256 ( online (PDF; 567 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Descriptions of a New Warbler and a New Song Sparrow . In: The Auk . tape 13 , no. 1 , 1896, p. 44–47 ( online (PDF; 171 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Wood Ibis (Tantalus Loculator) in Bristol County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 13 , no. 4 , 1896, pp. 341 ( online (PDF; 47 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• On the Nomenclature of Certain Forms of the Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) . In: The Auk . tape 14 , no. 1 , 1897, p. 80–82 ( online (PDF; 136 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• The Lesser Snow Goose in New England . In: The Auk . tape 14 , no. 2 , 1897, p. 207 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Bahaman Swallow in Florida . In: The Auk . tape 14 , no. 2 , 1897, p. 221–222 ( online (PDF; 108 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Geotrygon Chrysia again at Key West . In: The Auk . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1898, p. 185 ( online (PDF; 55 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Spotted Screech Owl (Megascops aspersus) in Arizona . In: The Auk . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1898, p. 186 ( online (PDF; 53 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Lewis's Woodpecker Storing Acorns . In: The Auk . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1898, p. 188 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Revival of the Sexual Passion in Birds in Autumn . In: The Auk . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1898, p. 194–195 ( online (PDF; 111 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on the Breeding Habits of the American Golden-Eyed Duck or Whistler (Clangula clangula americana) . In: The Auk . tape 17 , no. 3 , 1900, p. 207–216 ( online (PDF; 644 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• On the Occurrence, in Massachusetts, of Certain Rare or Interesting Birds . In: The Auk . tape 18 , no. 2 , 1901, p. 135–137 ( online (PDF; 136 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Meadowlark (Sturnella Magna) at Rangeley, Maine . In: The Auk . tape 18 , no. 2 , 1901, p. 194 ( online (PDF; 54 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Bell's Vireo and the Sandhill Crane in New Hampshire . In: The Auk . tape 18 , no. 3 , 1901, pp. 274 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An Ornithological Mystery . In: The Auk . tape 18 , no. 4 , 1901, pp. 321–328 ( online (PDF; 360 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Nesting of the Carolina Wren (Thryothorus Ludovicianus) in Southern Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 18 , no. 4 , 1901, pp. 397-398 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• together with Outram Bangs: On The Overlooked Species Of Aithurus . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 2 , 1901, p. 47-50 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• together with Outram Bangs: Description of a new becard from Lower Uruguay . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 2 , 1901, p. 53-54 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• An Undescribed Form of the Black Duck (Anas obscura) . In: The Auk . tape 19 , no. 2 , 1902, pp. 183–188 ( online (PDF; 278 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• On the occurrence of Cory's Least Bittern (Ardetta neoxena) in Eastern Massachusetts . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 3 , 1902, pp. 79-80 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Birds of the Cape region of Lower California . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College . tape 41 , no. 1 , 1902, pp. 1-241 .
• Breeding Grounds of the Black and Socorro Petrels. - A correction . In: The Auk . tape 20 , no. 1 , 1903, p. 63–64 ( online (PDF; 94 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Further notes on the Philadelphia Vireo, with a description of the nest and the eggs . In: The Auk . tape 20 , no. 4 , 1903, pp. 369–376 ( online (PDF; 438 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• An Interesting Solitary Vireo (Vireo Solitarius) . In: The Auk . tape 20 , no. 4 , 1903, pp. 437–438 ( online (PDF; 112 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• together with Henry Davis Minot: The land-birds and game-birds of New England: with descriptions of the birds, their nests and eggs, their habits and notes, with illustrations . Houghton, Mifflin, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1903 ( [1] [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on the Breeding of Bachman's Warbler, Helminthophila bachmanii (Aud.), Near Charleston, South Carolina, with a Description of the First Plumage of the Species . In: The Auk . tape 22 , no. 4 , 1905, pp. 392–394 ( online (PDF; 122 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Future Problems and Aims of Ornithology . In: The Condor . tape 7 , no. 4 , 1905, pp. 95–96 ( online (PDF; 145 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Lapwing (Vanellus Vanellus) and the Turkey Buzzard (Cathartes Aura) in Newfoundland . In: The Auk . tape 23 , no. 2 , 1906, p. 392–394 ( online (PDF; 65 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The birds of the Cambridge region of Massachusetts . In: Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 4 , 1906, pp. 1-426 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Concerning Certain Supposed Instances of the Occurrence of the Cinnamon Teal in Florida and South Carolina . In: The Auk . tape 24 , no. 2 , 1907, p. 154–157 ( online (PDF; 197 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on the Black Rail of California . In: The Auk . tape 24 , no. 2 , 1907, p. 205–210 ( online (PDF; 257 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Aggressive Screech Owls . In: The Auk . tape 24 , no. 2 , 1907, p. 215–217 ( online (PDF; 167 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the Rough-winged Swallow in Berkshire County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 24 , no. 2 , 1907, p. 221–222 ( online (PDF; 118 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Barrow's Golden-Eye in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 153–164 ( online (PDF; 599 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Something More about Black Ducks . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 175–179 ( online (PDF; 251 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• A Recent Instance of the Occurrence of the White Pelican (Pelecanus Erythrorhynchos) in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 185–186 ( online (PDF; 115 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The European Widgeon in Rhode Island . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 186–188 ( online (PDF; 181 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Occurrence of the Whimbrel (Numenius Phoeopus) Off the coast of Nova Scotia . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 190–191 ( online (PDF; 116 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Evening Grosbeaks Again in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 194 ( online (PDF; 64 kB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Breeding of the Louisiana Water-Thrush (Seiurus motacilla) in Berkshire County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 3 , 1909, pp. 309 ( online (PDF; 61 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Prothonotary Warbler Taken on the Coast of Maine . In: The Auk . tape 26 , no. 3 , 1909, pp. 310–311 ( online (PDF; 114 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Otter in Eastern Massachusetts . In: Science . tape 29 , no. 744 , 1909, pp. 551–555 ( online (PDF; 979 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Eggs of the flicker (Colaptes auratus luteus) found in an odd place . In: Bird-Lore . tape 11 , no. 2 , 1909, p. 73-74 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• In memoriam: James Cushing Merrill . In: The Auk . tape 27 , no. 2 , 1910, pp. 113–119 ( online (PDF; 390 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Resurrection of the Red-Legged Black Duck . In: The Auk . tape 27 , no. 3 , 1910, pp. 323–333 ( online (PDF; 559 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Concerning the nuptial plumes worn by certain bitterns and the manner in which they are displayed . In: The Auk . tape 28 , no. 1 , 1911, p. 90–100 ( online (PDF; 541 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The Nuptial Plumes of Bitterns: A Correction . In: The Auk . tape 28 , no. 2 , 1911, p. 256 ( online (PDF; 58 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Courtship of the American Golden-eye or Whistler (Clangula clangula Americana) . In: The Condor . tape 13 , no. 1 , 1911, p. 22–30 ( online (PDF; 696 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• In memoriam: Henry Augustus Purdie . In: The Auk . tape 29 , no. 1 , 1912, p. 1–15 ( online (PDF; 813 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Notes on the Flight of Gulls . In: The Auk . tape 29 , no. 1 , 1912, p. 85–92 ( online (PDF; 414 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Barrow's Golden-eye at Wareham, Mass. In: The Auk . tape 33 , no. 2 , 1916, p. 197 ( online (PDF; 62 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The European Widgeon in Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 35 , no. 1 , 1918, p. 75 ( online (PDF; 57 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Nesting of the Red Crossbill (Loxia Curvirostra Minor) in Essex County, Massachusetts . In: The Auk . tape 35 , no. 2 , 1918, p. 225 ( online (PDF; 67 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• The birds of the Lake Umbagog region of Maine . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College . tape 66 , 1924, pp. 1-620 .
• The Subspecific Name of the Northern Parula Warbler . In: The Auk . tape 35 , no. 2 , 1918, p. 228 ( online (PDF; 67 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• edited by Smith Owen Dexter: October farm: from the Concord journals and diaries of William Brewster . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1936.
• edited by Smith Owen Dexter: Concord River, Selections from the Journals of William Brewster . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1937.

literature

• William Edwin Davis Jr., Jerome Alan Jackson: Contributions to the history of North American ornithology . tape 12 . Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1995, ISBN 978-1-877973-36-9 .
• Henry W. Henshaw: In Memoriam: William Brewster . In: The Auk . tape 37 , no. 1 , 1920, p. 1–23 ( online (PDF; 1.3 MB) [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Charles Foster Batchelder: A bibliography of the published writings of William Brewster . tape 10 . Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1951.
• Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins: Whose Bird ?: Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate . Yale University Press, London 2004, ISBN 978-0-300-10359-5 .
• Myra Katie Roads: Why Birds are so named . In: The Wilson Bulletin . tape 24 , no. 3 , 1920, p. 130–142 ( online (PDF; 526 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• W. David Chamberlain: Arthur Trezevant Wayne . In: The Chat . tape 50 , no. 4 , 1986, pp. 240–244 ( online (PDF; 848 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Theodore Sherman Palmer: The Thirty-seventh Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union . In: The Auk . tape 37 , no. 1 , 1920, p. 110–125 ( online (PDF; 749 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Nathaniel Stickney Goss: New and Rare Birds Found Breeding on the San Pedro Martir Isle . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 3 , 1888, p. 240–244 ( online (PDF; 226 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Frank Michler Chapman: Descriptions of new birds from Santo Domingo and remarks on others in the Brewster-Sanford Collection . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 37 , no. 12 , 1917, pp. 327–334 ( [2] [PDF; accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Outram Bangs , Thomas Edward Penard : Notes on a collection of Surinam birds . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology . tape 62 , no. 2 , 1918, p. 26-92 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Harry Church Oberholser: New light on the status of Empidonax traillii (Audubon) . In: The Ohio Journal of Science . tape 18 , no. 3 , 1918, p. 85–98 ( online [PDF; accessed June 23, 2011]).
• John Eliot Thayer, Outram Bangs: Description of a new subspecies of the Snowy Heron . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 4 , 1918, pp. 39-41 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Joseph Grinnell: The California Yellow Warbler . In: The Condor . tape 5 , no. 3 , 1903, pp. 71–73 ( online (PDF; 253 kB) [accessed on June 23, 2011]).
• Robert Ridgway: Diagnoses of Some New Forms of Picidae . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 24 , 1911, pp. 31-36 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Robert Ridgway: The birds of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalog . In: Bulletin of the united states national museum . tape 4 , no. 50 , 1914, pp. 1–882 ( online [PDF; accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Edward William Nelson: Description of three new subspecies of birds from Mexico and Guatemala . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 41 , 1928, pp. 153–156 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).
• Francis Henry Allen: The Nuttall Club . In: Bird-lore . tape 4 , 1902, pp. 12-17 ( online [accessed June 23, 2011]).

Web links

Commons : William Brewster  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• William Brewster in Harvard Magazine, July-August 2011

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 1
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Henry W. Henshaw p. 2
3. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 6
4. ↑ Mrs Willima Brewster (Caroline Freman Kettel)
5. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 3
6. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 4
7. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 5.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 7.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 12.
10. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 8.
11. ^ RA Gilbert
12. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 9.
13. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 10.
14. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 11.
15. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 13.
16. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 14.
17. ↑ ^{a b c d} Henry W. Henshaw p. 15.
18. ^ Francis Henry Allen, p. 12.
19. ^ William Edwin Davis Jr. et al., P. 66.
20. ^ Theodore Sherman Palmer, p. 113.
21. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 18.
22. ↑ ^{a b} Henry W. Henshaw p. 19.
23. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 20.
24. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 16.
25. ^ Henry W. Henshaw p. 17.