West coast wind farm
| West coast wind farm | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 55 '38 " N , 8 ° 57' 0" E | ||
| country | Federal Republic of Germany | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Onshore wind farm | ||
| Primary energy | Wind energy | ||
| power | 7.4 MW (electric) | ||
| owner |
E.ON Hanse AG Vattenfall GmbH |
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| operator | Windenergiepark Westüste GmbH | ||
| Start of operations | 1987 | ||
| turbine | 1 × Enercon E-58 1 × Enercon E-66 / 18.70 2 × Enercon E-70 E4 1 × EasyWind 6 AC |
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| was standing | January 2013 | ||
The west coast wind energy park is a wind park in the municipality of Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog in Schleswig-Holstein . It was commissioned in 1987 as the first wind farm in Germany and thus marks the beginning of the expansion of today's modern use of wind energy through wind turbines in wind farms in the Federal Republic of Germany.
The location of the wind farm is in the immediate vicinity of the GROWIAN test facility operated between 1983 and 1987 . Like this less successful large wind power plant, the West Coast wind energy park was initially designed primarily as a technological pilot project that was intended to enable the comparative operation of wind power plants from different manufacturers. The first repowering took place as early as 1996 by replacing older systems, followed by another in 2002/2004 and 2009.
technology
The West Coast wind farm currently consists of four larger wind turbines. A system of the types Enercon E-58 (hub height 70 m, output 1 MW ) and Enercon E-66 / 18.70 (hub height 64.7 m, output 1.8 MW) and two systems of the type Enercon E-70 are used E4 (hub height 64 m, output 2.3 MW each). The wind farm also has a test field for small wind turbines , on which an EasyWind 6 AC (hub height 19 m, output 6 kW) has been tested since 2012. Together, all systems deliver a total nominal output of 7.4 MW.
Original condition
At the time of its commissioning in 1987, the West Coast wind energy park consisted of a total of 30 systems, supplied by three manufacturers, which were to be tested in practice under the same conditions. 20 units of the type MAN Aeroman (30 kW) and 5 units each of the types elektrOmat 25 (25 kW) and Enercon E-16 (55 kW) were built (nominal output per system in brackets ). In 1989 two copies of the type Adler 25 (25 kW) followed.
The elektrOmat 25 systems were replaced in 1993 by one of each of the Enercon E-33 (300 kW), HSW 250 T (250 kW), Tacke TW 250 (250 kW) and Vestas V27-225 kW (225 kW) types. The Adler 25 was dismantled in 1996 and the Enercon E-16 and MAN Aeroman systems were dismantled in 1999, while a system of the Enercon E-40 / 5.40 (500 kW) type in 1994 and a Vestas V63-1.5MW (1 , 5 MW). With the repowering in 2002/2004 and 2009, these wind turbines were also completely dismantled in favor of more modern ones.
history
Due to its very windy location directly on the North Sea coast, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog was selected as the location for the largest and most powerful wind turbine in the world at the time, the GROWIAN, at the end of the 1970s. However, this plant, which was funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology and operated by the energy suppliers HEW , Schleswag and RWE , proved to be largely a failure. After its construction in 1983, it was only in operation for about 420 hours due to various technical problems and was dismantled again in 1987. The failure with GROWIAN led to the abandonment of the concept of individual large wind power plants and to the move to smaller systems based on the Danish model, which were to be combined in a group as a wind farm .
The experience gained in the context of the GROWIAN project and the infrastructure created for this provided the conditions for building a wind farm at the same location. In 1986, Schleswag and HEW, together with the development company Brunsbüttel mbH, founded Windenergiepark Westüste GmbH as the operating company for the wind farm, the construction of which began the following year. Between March and August 1987 a total of 30 wind turbines were built. These were supplied by the manufacturer MAN Technologie (already a designer at GROWIAN) and Windkraftzentrale as well as the then still young company Enercon . The total nominal output of all systems was 1 MW.
A test field for wind turbines was created parallel to the wind farm, operated by Windtest Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH and today owned by GL Garrad Hassan Deutschland GmbH . In addition to conventional systems with a horizontal axis, the types tested here also included five Darrieus rotors from the manufacturer Heidelberg Motors with a vertical rotor and a nominal output of 1 MW each, which were dismantled again by 1997.
On August 24, 1987, the West Coast wind energy park was officially put into operation by the then Schleswig-Holstein Prime Minister Uwe Barschel . In 1988 an information center on the history of wind energy was opened, which existed until 2008. The operation of the wind farm and the accompanying measurement programs provided valuable knowledge for the installation of wind turbines in a wind farm and the grid connection of wind farms. From 1991, the West Coast wind farm also fed into the power grid.
The first expansion of the wind farm took place in 1989 with two systems supplied by Köster Maschinenfabrik in Heide . In the next expansion stage, five wind turbines in the power class from 250 to 500 kW were installed for the first time in 1993 and 1994. The manufacturers were Enercon, Husumer Schiffswerft , Tacke Windtechnik and Vestas . In 1996 the first megawatt-class turbine was installed in the wind farm and, in connection with it, the first repowering.
During the Expo 2000 in Hanover , the West Coast wind energy park was a decentralized project of the world exhibition . As part of the Expo, the gondola of a further development of the GROWIAN (WKA-60) with mounted rotor blades was set up as an accessible exhibit in front of the information center. A panorama camera transmitted images from the 1.5 MW system from Vestas to the information center, in whose premises the possibilities for a future decentralized power supply were also illustrated.
In 2002 and 2004 as well as 2009, two further repowering phases followed, during which the current four wind turbines from the manufacturer Enercon were installed. In 2012, the 25th anniversary of the wind farm was celebrated. Overall, the West Coast wind farm has generated more than 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity since it was commissioned until the end of 2011 .
See also
- List of wind turbines in Schleswig-Holstein
- History of wind energy use
- Jade wind farm - wind energy test field near Wilhelmshaven (built in 1989)
- Vogelsberg wind energy park - first German wind park in the low mountain range in the municipality of Grebenhain (built in 1990/91)
literature
- Windenergiepark Westüste GmbH (ed.): A long way ... ... from the windmill to the wind turbine , Rendsburg 1988 ( online , PDF, 946 kB)
Web links
- Windenergiepark Westüste GmbH
- Vattenfall West Coast Wind Energy Park
- Site plan of the wind farm 1987-2012