Vladimir Alexandrovich Michelson

Vladimir Alexandrovich Michelson

Vladimir Alexandrovich Michelson ( Russian Владимир Александрович Михельсон * June 18 ^{. Jul} / thirtieth June  1860 ^greg. In Tulchyn ; † 27. February 1927 in Moscow ) was a Ukrainian - Russian physicist , meteorologist and university teachers .

Life

Michelson's parents were the civil engineer Alexander Michailowitsch Michelson (1825-1875) and his wife Marie Antoinette Fyodorovna. Michelson was the oldest of 5 children. Like his one year younger brother Lev , he attended Franz Ivanovich Kreiman's private grammar school in Moscow, graduating in 1878. He then began studying at the St. Petersburg Institute for Traffic Engineers . He soon moved to Moscow University (MGU), where his brother Lev studied in law school . Vladimir Michelson graduated from the physics and mathematics faculty of the MGU Alexander Grigoryevich Stoletov's course (graduated in 1883) and stayed at the MGU to prepare for a professorship . In 1886 he became a private lecturer . In 1887 he was sent abroad for further training. In 1894 he received his doctorate in physics and was appointed professor at the chair of physics and meteorology at the Moscow Agricultural Institute. In 1895 he began to build the Central Russian meteorological observation network for agriculture. In 1898 the work was interrupted due to a lack of funds. In spring 1918 he founded the Moscow Meteorological Society together with Ernst Gustav Leyst .

For the first time Michelson applied methods of statistical physics to determine the function of the energy distribution in the emission spectrum of the black body . His study of the passage of light through a medium with a changing refractive index led to a generalized Doppler effect . During combustion, in the form of a detonation or deflagration of a gas mixture, it determined the dependence of the speed of the flame front on the mixture ratio. His investigations formed the basis for the theory of combustion. In particular, he developed a theory of the combustion of the gas mixture in the Bunsen burner . Michelson was one of the founders of Russian actinometry . He developed some Actinometry devices, so an ice pyrheliometer and a bimetal - actinometer . He also dealt with the application of meteorology in agriculture.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Михельсон (Владимир Александрович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . доп. II, 1906, p. 197 ( Wikisource [accessed March 18, 2019]).
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Большая российская энциклопедия: МИХЕЛЬСО́Н Владимир Александрович (accessed March 18, 2019).
3. ^ JA Chramow: Michelson Vladimir Alexandrowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physicists: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 190 (Russian).
4. ↑ Кузнецова П .: К вопросу о родословной владельца Судженских копей Л.А. Михельсона (accessed March 18, 2019).
5. ↑ История метеообсерватории (accessed March 18, 2019).