Ernst Gustav Leyst

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Ernst Gustav Leyst ( Russian Эрнест Егорович Лейст ; * 7 January July / 19 January  1852 greg. In Reval ; † 13 September 1918 in Bad Nauheim ) was a Russian geophysicist , meteorologist and university professor .

Life

Leyst's parents were the carpenter Georg Leyst and his wife Mai nee Diez. Leyst went to St. Petersburg , gave German lessons and worked as a tutor . In 1872 he passed the tutor test and in 1874 the math teacher test . After he had passed the final examination as an external student in 1875 , he began studying at the physics- mathematics faculty of the University of Dorpat in January 1876 . In addition to his studies, he taught mathematics at a private high school. In 1878 the University Council awarded him a gold medal for his work on the number of solutions to indefinite equations . In 1879 he completed his studies with a gold medal as a candidate in pure mathematics and at the same time took the mathematics teacher examination.

After completing his studies, Leyst taught physics at the Katharinaschule at Fontanka in St. Petersburg . At the same time he worked at the St. Petersburg Physical Observatory as a physicist in the department for telegraphic weather reports and storm warnings . Using the materials in the library and archives , he compiled a catalog of meteorological observations with the history of all meteorological institutions in Russia up to 1884.

In 1882 Leyst married Helene von Wahl from Gut Kawast near Oberpahlen .

In 1884 Leyst was transferred to the Konstantinovsk Magnet and Meteorological Observatory in Pavlovsk as a top observer , where he carried out temperature and geomagnetic studies. In 1886 he became director of the observatory. With its at Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann and Heinrich Bruns -built dissertation studies on reading events in the extreme thermometer on the derived from them extreme temperatures and daily average temperature the doctorate him University of Leipzig in 1889 for Dr. phil. and Masters of Pure Science. In February 1893 he became a private lecturer at the University of St. Petersburg and gave a lecture on physical geography .

In June 1895 Leyst became a private lecturer at Moscow University (MGU) and head of the MGU Meteorological Observatory. In the same year he passed the master's examination. In 1897 he defended his dissertation on the influence of planets on earth magnetism at the University of Dorpat , whereupon he received his doctorate in physical geography.

In 1898, the director of the Observatoire météorologique de Montsouris in Paris Moureau was invited for two weeks to participate in the investigation of the Kursk magnetic anomaly . Leyst accompanied him and concluded from the data that the anomaly indicated extensive iron ore deposits . Leyst received money from Kursk Semstwo for the purchase of measuring instruments and the drilling equipment, which was bought in Germany. Drilling began under his direction, with Leyst anticipating iron ore at a depth of 200 m . Since the first drilling was unsuccessful, the Zemstvo stopped work.

After defending his doctoral thesis on the geographic distribution of normal and anomalous geomagnetism at MGU in March 1899, Leyst received his doctorate in physical geography . He then became an associate professor and, in September 1902, a full professor at the chair for physical geography and meteorology at the MGU. In 1905 he investigated the electrification and radioactivity of the air in the Crimea . In 1906 Leyst became a Real Councilor of State (4th class ). 1906–1907 he carried out magnetic and meteorological investigations in the Samarqand region on the occasion of the total solar eclipse on January 14, 1907 .

Leyst stuck to his belief that the Kursk anomaly indicated iron ore and continued investigations during the summer holidays for 14 years at his own expense. He reported on it regularly in the Moscow Society of Naturalists , of which he was a member since 1884 (secretary since 1899 and honorary member since 1913). In 1910 he completed the investigation of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly with the analysis of the data from 4500 measuring points. In 1912 he examined gamma radiation in Feodosia . In 1914, a temporary magnetic observatory was built under Leyst's direction in Schenkursk , which served as the basis for magnetic measurements in northern Russia from 1914 to 1916 . In 1916 Leyst headed the geophysical commission organized on his initiative . In the spring of 1918 he founded the Moscow Meteorological Society together with Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Michelson . Vyacheslav Franzewitsch Bontschkowski and Alexander Ignatjewitsch Saborowski were among Leyst's students .

In 1918 Leyst traveled to Bad Nauheim for medical treatment, where he died.

Leyst's son Ernest Ernestowitsch Leyst was a lawyer and was arrested in autumn 1938, sentenced to death for preparing an act of terrorism against the leadership of the CPSU and the Soviet government, shot in Kommunarka and rehabilitated in 1956. The legal scholar Oleg Ernestowitsch Leyst (1925-2003) was Leyst's grandson.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Ernst Gustav Leyst. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  2. ↑ a b Иван Антонович Бусыгин: Эрнест Егорович Лейст . Nauka , 1969.
  3. ↑ a b c MGU: Лейст Эрнест Егорович (accessed March 17, 2019).
  4. ^ Mathematics Genealogy Project: Ernst Leyst (accessed March 17, 2019).
  5. ↑ Agustín Udías: Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories . Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-4020-1189-X , pp. 150 .
  6. ↑ Лейст Эрнест Эрнестович ::: Мартиролог: Жертвы политических репрессий, расстрелянные и захороненные в Москве и Московской области в период с 1918 по 1953 год (accessed on 17 March 2019).
  7. ↑ Список гражданским чинам IV класса: Испр. по 1-е сент. 1906 г. (accessed on March 17, 2019).
  8. ↑ Список гражданским чинам IV класса: Испр. по 1-е марта 1914 г. (accessed on March 17, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Leyst, Ernst Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Лейст, Эрнест Егорович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian geophysicist, meteorologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Reval
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1918
Place of death Bad Nauheim